{"id":42614,"date":"2025-04-17T20:52:45","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T20:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/should-children-below-the-age-of-medical-responsibility-be-allowed-to-consent-to-puberty-blockers-england-wales-as-a-case-study\/"},"modified":"2025-04-17T20:52:45","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T20:52:45","slug":"should-children-below-the-age-of-medical-responsibility-be-allowed-to-consent-to-puberty-blockers-england-wales-as-a-case-study","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/should-children-below-the-age-of-medical-responsibility-be-allowed-to-consent-to-puberty-blockers-england-wales-as-a-case-study\/","title":{"rendered":"Should children below the age of medical responsibility be allowed to consent to puberty blockers? &#8211; England &#038; Wales as a Case Study.&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Need to include 10 reading from here: Week 1 (31 January): Child law and child rights \u2013 an introduction Academic reading (required): Anna Holzscheiter, 2010. Chapter 5 (\u2018Discourses of Childhood \u2013 the \u201cCommunicative Ecology\u201d of the Child\u2019) in her Children\u2019s Rights in International Politics: The Transformative Power of Discourse (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 99\u2013137. Legal documents (required): 1. CRC, Preamble and Arts. 1, 3, 5, 12, 28, 32, 37(c). 2. 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Arts. 1\u20132, 7, 17. 3. 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Arts. 1(1), 25. 4. 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Art. 6(1). 2 Further (optional) readings: \u2022 Allison James, Chris Jenks, and Alan Prout, 1998. Theorizing Childhood (Cambridge: Polity Press). \u2022 Rajnaara Akhtar and Conrad Nyamutata, 2020. International Child Law (4th edn., Abingdon and New York: Routledge). \u2022 David Archard, 2014. Children: Rights and Childhood (3rd edition, Abingdon and New York: Routledge). \u2022 Andrew Bainham and Stephen Gilmore, 2013. Children: The Modern Law (4th edn., Bristol: Family Law). \u2022 Daniel Monk, 2009. \u2018Childhood and the Law: In Whose \u2018Best Interest\u2019?,\u2019 in Kehily edited collection, pp. 177\u2013197. \u2022 2000 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Arts. 20\u201321. \u2022 1990 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (entered into in 1999), Preamble and Arts. 2, 4\u20135, 7, 11\u201312, 15, 17\u201318, 21\u201323, 31. \u2022 2000 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Art. 24. Week 2 (7 February): Is the \u2018child\u2019 a legal invention? Academic readings (required): 1. Diana Gittins, 2009. \u2018The Historical Construction of Childhood,\u2019 in Kehily edited collection, pp. 35\u201349. 2. Mary J. Kehily and Heather Montgomery, 2009. \u2018Innocence and Experience: A Historical Approach to Childhood and Sexuality,\u2019 in Kehily edited collection, pp. 70\u201389. 3. Peter Kelly, 2012. \u2018The Brain in the Jar: A Critique of Discourses of Adolescent Brain Development\u2019 15(7) Journal of Youth Studies 944\u2013959. Legal documents (required): 1. CRC, Art. 1. 2. Children Act 1989, Schedule 1, ss 16(1), 67(7)(a), 105(1). Further (optional) readings: \u2022 Heather Montgomery, 2008. \u2018Chapter 8: Adolescence and Initiation,\u2019 in her An Introduction to Childhood: Anthropological Perspectives on Children\u2019s Lives (Wiley-Blackwell) [pagination varies between print and online editions]. \u2022 Erica Burman, 2017. Deconstructing Developmental Psychology (3rd edn., London: Routledge). \u2022 Judith Bessant, 2008. \u2018Hard Wired for Risk: Neurological Science, \u2018the Adolescent Brain\u2019 and Developmental Theory\u2019 11(3) Journal of Youth Studies 347\u2013360. Week 3 (14 February): Children in armed conflict Academic readings (required): 1. David M. Rosen and Sarah M. Rosen, forthcoming. \u2018Child Soldiers and the Right of SelfDefence,\u2019 in Christelle Molima Bameka et al. (eds.), Children and Violence: Agency, Experience and Representation in and Beyond Armed Conflict (Routledge). 3 2. Hedi Viterbo, 2018. \u2018Rights as a Divide-and-Rule Mechanism: Lessons from the Case of Palestinians in Israeli Custody\u2019 43 Law &amp; Social Inquiry 764\u2013795. 3. Hedi Viterbo, 2021. Problematizing Law, Rights, and Childhood in Israel\/Palestine (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press), only pp. 207\u2013211 (section 5.5.1 in Chapter 5), 118\u2013123 (section 3.4.2 in Chapter 3) and 291\u2013297 (section 7.3.1 in Chapter 7). Legal document (required): CRC, Art. 38. Further (optional) readings: \u2022 Charli Carpenter, 2006. Innocent Women and Children: Gender, Norms and the Protection of Civilians (London: Routledge). \u2022 Jo Boyden, 2006. \u2018Children under Fire: Challenging Assumptions about Children\u2019s Resilience\u2019 13(1) Children, Youth and Environments 1\u201329. \u2022 Katrina Lee-Koo, 2011. \u2018Horror and Hope: (Re)presenting Militarised Children in Global North\u2013South Relations\u2019 32(4) Third World Quarterly 725\u2013742. \u2022 Jana Tabak, 2020. \u2018A Tale of a (Dis)Orderly International Society: Protecting Child-Soldiers, Saving the Child, Governing the Future,\u2019 in J. Marshall Beier (ed.), Discovering Childhood in International Relations (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 115\u2013134. \u2022 David M. Rosen, 2007. \u2018Child Soldiers, International Humanitarian Law, and the Globalization of Childhood\u2019 109(2) American Anthropologist 296\u2013306. \u2022 Hedi Viterbo, 2023. \u2018Just for Kids: How the Youth Decarceration Discourse Endorses Adult Incarceration\u2019 Criminology &amp; Criminal Justice. \u2022 Geneva Convention IV Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949), Arts. 14, 17, 23\u201324, 38(5), 50, 82, 89, 94, 132, https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/ihl\/INTRO\/380. \u2022 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998), Arts. 7(2)(b)(xxvi), 8(2)(b)(xxvi), 26, https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/assets\/treaties\/585-IHL-94-EN.pdf. Week 4 (21 February): Feminist, postcolonial, and other critiques Required readings: 1. Shulamith Firestone, 1970. Chapter 4 (\u2018Down with Childhood\u2019) in her The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution (Bantam), only pp. 76\u2013102. 2. Hedi Viterbo, 2017. \u2018Ties of Separation: Analogy and Generational Segregation in North America, Australia, and Israel\/Palestine,\u2019 Brooklyn Journal of International Law 42(2): only pp. 687\u2013689, 691\u2013710 and 734\u2013739. Further (optional) reading: \u2022 Utsa Mukherjee, 2024. \u2018Queer Theory and Childhood Studies,\u2019 in Sarada Balagopalan, John Wall, and Karen Wells (eds.), The Bloomsbury Handbook of Theories in Childhood Studies (London and New York: Bloomsbury), pp. 96\u2013109. \u2022 John Wall, 2019. \u2018From Childhood Studies to Childism: Reconstructing the Scholarly and Social Imaginations,\u2019 Children\u2019s Geographies 20(3): 257\u2013270. \u2022 Rachel Rosen and Katherine Twamley (eds.), 2018. Feminism and the Politics of Childhood: Friends or Foes? (London: University College London Press). \u2022 Manfred Liebel, 2020. Decolonizing Childhoods: From Exclusion to Dignity (Bristol and Chicago: Policy Press). \u2022 Gaile S. Cannella and Radhika Viruru, 2004. Childhood and Postcolonization: Power, Education, and Contemporary Practice (New York: Routledge). 4 \u2022 Georgiann Davis, Jodie M. Dewey, and Erin L. Murphy, 2016. \u2018Giving Sex: Deconstructing Intersex and Trans Medicalization Practices\u2019 30(3) Gender &amp; Society 490\u2013514. \u2022 Marijke Naezer et al., 2021. \u2018\u201cWe Just Want the Best for This Child\u201d: Contestations of Intersex\/DSD and Transgender Healthcare Interventions\u2019 30:7 Journal of Gender Studies 830\u2013843. \u2022 Amy M. Adler, 2001. \u2018The Perverse Law of Child Pornography,\u2019 Columbia Law Review 101(2): especially pp. 245\u2013273. \u2022 Barry C. Feld, 1999. Bad Kids: Race and the Transformation of the Juvenile Court (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press). Week 5 (28 February): Working children in the Global South Academic readings (required): 1. Olga Nieuwnhuys, 2009. \u2018From Child Labour to Working Children\u2019s Movements,\u2019 in Jens Qvortrup et al. (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Childhood Studies (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 289\u2013300. 2. Manfred Liebel, 2012. \u2018Do Children Have a Right to Work? Working Children\u2019s Movements in the Struggle for Social Justice,\u2019 in Karl Hanson and Olga Nieuwenhuys (eds.), Reconceptualizing Children&#8217;s Rights in International Development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 225\u201349. 3. Heather Montgomery, 2007. \u2018Working with Child Prostitutes in Thailand: Problems of Practice and Interpretation\u2019 14(4) Childhood 415\u2013430. Legal documents (required): 1. CRC, Arts. 28, 31\u201332. 2. 1996 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), Art. 10(3). 3. 1973 ILO (International Labour Organisation) Convention 138 \u2013 Minimum Age Convention, Arts. 1\u20138. 4. 1999 ILO Convention 182 \u2013 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, Arts. 1, 3. Further (optional) readings: \u2022 Mat\u00edas Cordero Arce, 2012. \u2018Towards an Emancipatory Discourse of Children\u2019s Rights\u2019 20 International Journal of Children\u2019s Rights 365\u2013421. \u2022 Helen Charnley and Pearson Nkhoma, 2020. \u2018Moving Beyond Contemporary Discourses: Children, Prostitution, Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking\u2019 8(2) Critical and Radical Social Work 205\u2013221. \u2022 Viviana A. Zelizer, 1994. Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children (Princeton and Chichester: Princeton University Press). \u2022 Lisa H. Makman, 2004. \u2018The Right to Work-Free and Playful Childhood: A Historical Perspective,\u2019 in Rhonda L. Clements and Leah Fiorentino (eds.), The Child\u2019s Right to Play: A Global Approach (Westport and London: Paeger), pp. 3\u20138. \u2022 Agustina S. Paglayan, 2024. Raised to Obey: The Rise and Spread of Mass Education (Princeton: Princeton University Press). Week 6 (3\u20137 March): Study week (no classes) 5 Week 7 (14 March): \u2018The child\u2019s right to be heard\u2019 Academic readings (required): 1. Aoife Daly, 2018. \u2018No Weight for \u2018Due Weight\u2019? A Children\u2019s Autonomy Principle in Best Interest Proceedings\u2019 26 International Journal of Children\u2019s Rights 61-92. 2. Hoko Horii, 2020. \u2018Walking a Thin Line: Taking Children\u2019s Decision to Marry Seriously?\u2019 27(2) Childhood 254\u2013270. Legal document (required): CRC, Art. 12. Further (optional) readings: \u2022 Karl Hanson, 2016. \u2018Children\u2019s Participation and Agency When They Don\u2019t \u2018Do the Right Thing\u2019\u2019 23(4) Childhood 471\u2013475. \u2022 Michael Wyness, 2013. \u201cGlobal Standards and Deficit Childhoods: The Contested Meaning of Children&#8217;s Participation\u201d 11:3 Children&#8217;s Geographies 340\u2013353. \u2022 Rosemary Hunter, 2007. \u2018Close Encounters of a Judicial Kind: \u201cHearing\u201d Children\u2019s \u201cVoices\u201d in Family Law Proceedings\u2019 19(3) Child and Family Law Quarterly 283\u2013303. \u2022 Patricia Alderson et al., 2005. \u201cThe Participation Rights of Premature Babies\u201d 13 International Journal of Children\u2019s Rights 31\u201350. \u2022 1993 Hague Adoption Convention, Art. 4, www.hcch.net\/en\/instruments\/conventions\/fulltext\/?cid=69. Week 8 (21 March): Children\u2019s Right to Vote Academic readings (required): 1. Nicholas J. Munn, 2012. \u2018Capacity Testing the Youth: A Proposal for Broader Enfranchisement,\u2019 Journal of Youth Studies 15(8): 1048\u20131062. 2. John Wall, 2014. \u2018Why Children and Youth Should Have the Right to Vote: An Argument for Proxy-Claim Suffrage,\u2019 Children, Youth and Environments 24(1): 108\u2013123. 3. Nicholas O. Stephanopoulos, forthcoming. \u2018Give Young Adults the Vote,\u2019 Notre Dame Law Review, only pp. 6\u201315. Legal documents (required): 1. 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Art. 17(1). 2. CRC, Arts. 12\u201315. Further (optional) reading: \u2022 Jan Eichhorn and Johannes Bergh (eds.), 2020. Lowering the Voting Age to 16: Learning from Real Experiences Worldwide (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan). \u2022 J\u00falia Pe\u00f1a Guardia, 2022. \u2018Children in Power: Are Children Entitled to the Right to Stand for Public Office?\u2019 Contemporary Voices 1(1): 49\u201382. \u2022 Francis Schrag, 1975. \u2018The Child\u2019s Status in the Democratic State,\u2019 Political Theory 3(4): 441. 6 Week 9 (28 March): Guest lecture by Yijia Liu on international child abduction Academic readings (required): 1. Peter McEleavy, 2021. \u2018Child Abduction,\u2019 in Rudolf Bernhardt (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopaedias of International Law (Oxford Public International Law), only paragraphs 1\u2013 3, 9\u201314. 2. Michelle Fernando, 2022. \u2018Children\u2019s Objections in Hague Child Abduction Convention Proceedings in Australia and the \u201cStrength of Feeling\u201d Requirement\u2019 30(3) International Journal of Children\u2019s Rights 729\u2013754. 3. Yijia Liu, forthcoming. \u2018The Best Interests of the State: How Racialized Fear Steered the Hague Child Abduction Convention Away from Children\u2019s Interests.\u2019 Legal document (required): 1980 Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Arts. 1\u20134, 13, www.hcch.net\/en\/instruments\/conventions\/full-text\/?cid=24. Further (optional) readings: \u2022 Peter McEleavy, 2015. \u2018The European Court of Human Rights and the Hague Child Abduction Convention: Prioritising Return or Reflection?\u2019 62(3) Netherlands International Law Review 365\u2013405. \u2022 Brenda Hale, 2017. \u2018Taking Flight\u2014Domestic Violence and Child Abduction\u2019 70(1) Current Legal Problems 3\u201316. \u2022 Michael Salter, 2014. \u201cGetting Hagued: The Impact of International Law on Child Abduction by Protective Mothers\u201d 39 Alternative Law Journal 19-23. \u2022 Linda D. Elrod, 2010. \u2018Please Let Me Stay: Hearing the Voice of the Child in Hague Abduction Cases Symposium: Divorcing the Multi-National Family\u2019 63(4) Oklahoma Law Review, only pages 674\u2013690. \u2022 Gina Masterton et al., 2022. \u2018Dislocated Lives: The Experience of Women Survivors of Family and Domestic Violence after Being \u201cHagued\u201d\u2019 44(3) Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 369\u201390. \u2022 Sawako Yamaguchi and Taryn Lindhorst, 2016. \u2018Domestic Violence and the Implementation of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction: Japan and U.S. Policy\u2019 17(4) Journal of International Women\u2019s Studies 16\u201330. \u2022 Carol Smart, 1989. Feminism and the Power of Law (London and New York: Routledge), pp. 153\u2013159. \u2022 Robert H. Mnookin, 1975. \u2018Child-Custody Adjudication: Judicial Functions in the Face of Indeterminacy\u2019 39(3) Law and Contemporary Problems 227\u2013293. \u2022 Paul Reid Beaumont and Peter Eugene McEleavy, 1999. The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press). \u2022 Taryn Lindhorst and Jeffrey Edleson, 2012. Battered Women, Their Children, and International Law: The Unintended Consequences of the Hague Child Abduction Convention (Boston: Northeastern University Press). \u2022 Rhona Schuz, 2013. The Hague Child Abduction Convention: A Critical Analysis (London: Hart Publishing). 7 Week 10 (4 April): Regulating Parenthood Academic readings (required): 1. Hugh Lafollette, 1980. \u2018Licensing Parents,\u2019 Philosophy &amp; Public Affairs 9(2): pp. 182\u2013197. 2. David Pimentel, 2016. \u2018Protecting the Free-Range Kid: Recalibrating Parents\u2019 Rights and the Best Interest of the Child,\u2019 Cardozo Law Review 38(1): only pp. 1\u201328. 3. Helen Coffey, 2024. \u2018The Truth about Why We Stopped Having Babies,\u2019 The Independent, www.independent.co.uk\/life-style\/babies-birth-rate-decline-fertility-b2605579.html. Legal document (required): CRC, Arts. 3(2), 5, 9, 19. Further (optional) reading: \u2022 Linda Gordon, 2008. \u2018The Perils of Innocence, Or What&#8217;s Wrong with Putting Children First,\u2019 Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 1(3): 331\u201350. \u2022 Samantha M. Davey, 2020. A Failure of Proportion: Non-Consensual Adoption in England and Wales (Oxford and New York: Hart). \u2022 Jan Macvarish, 2016. Neuroparenting: The Expert Invasion of Family Life (London: Palgrave Macmillan). \u2022 Gabriel Scheidecker et al., 2023. \u2018\u201cPoor Brain Development\u201d in the Global South? Challenging the Science of Early Childhood Interventions,\u2019 Ethos 51(1): 3\u201326. \u2022 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Arts. 10(1), 13(3). \u2022 1963 Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages. \u2022 1993 Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in respect of Intercountry Adoption. \u2022 2008 European Convention on the Adoption of Children (Revised). Week 11 (11 April): Child refugees Academic readings (required): 1. Hedi Viterbo and Yulia Ioffe, 2024. \u2018No Refuge from Childhood: How Child Protection Harms Refugees\u2019 35(3) European Journal of International Law 647\u2013677. 2. Aurora T. S\u00f8rsveen and Marit Ursin, 2021. \u2018Constructions of \u2018the Ageless\u2019 Asylum Seekers: An Analysis of How Age is Understood among Professionals Working within the Norwegian Immigration Authorities\u2019 35(2) Children &amp; Society 198\u2013212. Legal document (required): CRC, Art. 22. Further (optional) readings: \u2022 Jason M. Pobjoy, 2017. The Child in International Refugee Law (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press). \u2022 Ala Sirriyeh, 2018. The Politics of Compassion: Immigration and Asylum Policy (Bristol: Bristol University Press), only the chapter \u2018The Intolerable Death of Alan Kurdi.\u2019 8 \u2022 Ada Engebrigtsen, 2003. \u2018The Child\u2019s (or the State\u2019s) Best Interests? An Examination of the Ways Immigration Officials Work with Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Minors in Norway\u2019 8(3) Child and Family Social Work 191\u2013200. \u2022 Lauren Heidbrink, 2021. \u2018Anatomy of a Crisis: Governing Youth Mobility through Vulnerability\u2019 47(5) Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 988\u20131005. \u2022 Carly McLaughlin, 2018. \u2018\u2018They Don\u2019t Look Like Children\u2019: Child Asylum-Seekers, the Dubs Amendment and the Politics of Childhood\u2019 44(11) Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 1757\u20131773. \u2022 Lesley Pruitt, Helen Berents, and Gayle Munro, 2018. \u2018Gender and Age in the Construction of Male Youth in the European Migration \u201cCrisis\u201d\u2019 43(3) Signs 687\u2013709. \u2022 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951), www.unhcr.org\/uk\/3b66c2aa10. \u2022 African Charter, Art. 23. also : Essay \u2022 Your research question should focus on a legal\/policy issue concerning childhood or children. You will have the opportunity to discuss your proposed research question with the teacher in advance. \u2022 Your sources should include at least 20 academic publications, including at least 10 of the module readings (required and\/or optional). Academic journal articles, books, and book chapters all qualify as academic publications, whereas media reports, human reports, and legal sources (e.g., statutes, treaties, judgments) do not. Different chapters from the same book only count as different publications if they were written by different authors (and not by the same author, in which case they count as a single publication). 2 \u2022 Your essay will be assessed based on the LLB marking criteria, including in particular: (a) Engagement with the relevant module readings, especially academic readings. (b) Independent research, including adequate engagement with additional academic sources. (c) Good knowledge and understanding of the essay question. (d) Critical thinking. (e) Clarity, coherence, structure, and presentation. \u2022 Further guidance will be provided in class.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Need to include 10 reading from here: Week 1 (31 January): Child law and child rights \u2013 an introduction Academic reading (required): Anna Holzscheiter, 2010. Chapter 5 (\u2018Discourses of Childhood \u2013 the \u201cCommunicative Ecology\u201d of the Child\u2019) in her Children\u2019s Rights in International Politics: The Transformative Power of Discourse (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan), [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[74],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/42614"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/42614\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=42614"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=42614"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=42614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}