{"id":36817,"date":"2024-11-03T23:21:44","date_gmt":"2024-11-03T23:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/discuss-the-role-of-the-tumour-microenvironment-in-promoting-drug-resistance-in-breast-cancer\/"},"modified":"2024-11-03T23:21:44","modified_gmt":"2024-11-03T23:21:44","slug":"discuss-the-role-of-the-tumour-microenvironment-in-promoting-drug-resistance-in-breast-cancer","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/discuss-the-role-of-the-tumour-microenvironment-in-promoting-drug-resistance-in-breast-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the role of the tumour microenvironment in promoting drug resistance in breast cancer."},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

The title of your essay is;<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Discuss the role of the tumour microenvironment in
\npromoting drug resistance in breast cancer.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Essay: <\/span><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n

Maximum 2,000 <\/b>words (+
\nreferences + figures) <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

200-word abstract (not Inc. in total word count)<\/span><\/p>\n

800-word introduction<\/span><\/p>\n

1,000-word critical analysis of scientific data<\/span><\/p>\n

200-word conclusion<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Format
\nfor essay:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1. Dissertation length and
\nformat<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

The dissertation should be a maximum of 2,000 words<\/b> long, excluding<\/u> the title and contents page,
\nabstract, figures with their legends and the reference list. Normally this
\nequals 10-12 pages in total. Usually, 10-15 references are cited. Reference
\ncitations within the project text count in the word limit.<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Typing should be Arial 11 point font, 1.5 lines spacing and pages
\nnumbered.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

2. Dissertation structure
\nand contents<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Should have seven sections
\nin this order – <\/span><\/b>Title page, Contents, Abstract, Introduction & hypothesis, critical
\nanalysis, conclusion, References.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

a) Abstract<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

A short summary, 200 words, of the whole dissertation, in the form of a
\nsingle paragraph should appear on a separate page. It should cover the main
\npoints of the introduction, literature analysis <\/span>and
\nconclusions. References are not included. It is recommended that you write the
\nabstract last, as it is a summary of the whole project.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

b) Introduction (800 words)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

The Introduction should be a clear and concise analysis of published
\nwork in the field that can be easily understood by scientists who are not necessarily
\nexperts in the field. There should be evidence of a thorough understanding of
\nthe area of study and its importance. The selection of papers cited should be
\nwide ranging and show evidence of analysis of alternative points of view and\/or
\nexperimental strategies. All papers should be fully referenced and you should
\nhave read all of the studies cited. You can use peer-reviewed papers and
\nreviews. End the introduction with a clear hypothesis to be tested<\/u><\/b>.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Hypothesis:<\/span><\/b> I hypothesis
\nthat, the immune cells of the tumour microenvironment protect the tumour from
\ntargeted cancer therapies and are key in promoting drug resistance. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

My aims to test this hypothesis is to focus on the role of (choose a
\nspecific cell type or immune mediator \u2013 i.e. CAFs or macrophages, or mediators
\nsuch as TGF or CXCL12) in promoting drug resistance. <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

c) Critical analysis (1,000
\nwords)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

This should centre on investigating your hypothesis, to prove or
\nrefute. This should be a concise and clear review of the primary papers chosen
\n(choose at least 2 articles) and how they relate to the essay title. Analyse
\nthe research findings within the papers and compare\/contrast to one another.
\nTables and figures should be used where appropriate to support the written text
\nand to organise\/convey key concepts\/data. Aim, where possible, to produce your
\nown charts, tables and diagrams that may summarise the work of others or bring
\ntogether various elements of knowledge. You should include key data figures
\nfrom your chosen primary articles to discuss. <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

It is the nature of scientific research that conflicting results are
\nsometimes reported, and previous studies that may not agree with your own
\nfindings, must be fully acknowledged and discussed.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

d) Conclusion (200 words) <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

In this section, you must draw clear conclusions from
\nthe critically appraised literature and suggestions of <\/span>ideas for future studies can
\nbe included. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Repetition of any statements or arguments made in the
\nIntroduction and the critical analysis sections should be avoided. <\/span>The conclusion
\nshould take place against the background of previously published studies and
\nshow evidence of reading and critical thinking in this regard. Link back to
\nyour hypothesis here.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

e) References (<\/span><\/b>Citing references
\nin the text)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Two methods for citing references in the text and listing them in the
\nreference list are commonly used. You may choose which you use, but do not use
\na mixture of both.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Style 1. Harvard <\/span><\/b>The authors are
\nnamed in the text, e.g. (Kennedy and Cunningham, 2019) and when more than two
\nauthors are cited (Kennedy et al., 2019). For example;<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>\u201cWestfall et al., (2016)
\nreported that stimulation of the sympathetic nerves evoked a rise in mean
\narterial blood pressure. This response was inhibited by antagonists of
\n\u03b1-receptors (Kennedy et al., 2019).\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

If there are multiple citations for a specific point, they should be
\ncited in the text in chronological order and separated by semi-colons e.g.
\n(Westfall et al., 2016; Kennedy et al., 2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Style 2.  <\/span>Vancouver <\/span><\/b>The references are numbered
\nin the order that they appear in the report, e.g.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>\u201cStimulation of the sympathetic
\nnerves evoked a rise in mean arterial blood pressure (1). This response was
\ninhibited by antagonists of \u03b1-receptors (2).\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Assessment of essay:<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Essay (70%) <\/span><\/u><\/b><\/span><\/u><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Section<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Criteria<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Abstract<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Clarity, detail and
\n appropriateness of summary of thesis<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Introduction<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Range and appropriateness
\n of background material and\/or references <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Clarity of writing,
\n including presentation and organisation of material<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Analysis and summary of
\n background material<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Clarity of hypothesis to
\n be tested and statement of aims<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Critical analysis<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Organisation and
\n presentation of scientific data\/literature, including appropriate level of
\n detail, critical thinking\/insight and discussion. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Compare and construct of
\n paper findings with the wider literature<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Clarity of written
\n description of data<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Conclusion<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Clarity and quality of
\n interpretation of the literature and the conclusions drawn<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Clear insight and
\n discussion of future work<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

References<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00b7      
\n <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Correct presentation of
\n references<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Papers:<\/span><\/b> Ideally want around 6-8 key papers to start with which will form the
\nbasis of your dissertation, these initially will help you get a background to
\nthe topic and with the introduction  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

–         
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>From these you will perhaps focus on 2-3 in more depth<\/u><\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Main literature analysis section:<\/span><\/b> The subject area was deliberately more
\ngeneral so that you could find your own niche within the topic to focus in on. While
\nthe hypothesis has been written for you, I would advise adapting\/tweaking it
\nfor the cell type you want to focus on or perhaps the mediator. I would advise
\nwaiting to do this until after you have completed some background reading.<\/span><\/p>\n

For example; I
\nhypothesis the cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the TME are the
\nprimary cell driving drug resistance,<\/span><\/p>\n

To test this
\nhypothesis I aim to 1)investigate the role of the CAFs in the TME in regards to
\ndrug resistance and 2) To examine any immunotherapy approaches which have\/are
\nbeing developed to combat this. <\/span><\/p>\n

The 2-3 papers
\nwill be the focus for the main analysis\/results part of the report and I would
\nuse data\/figures from the papers to highlight key concepts (tables and
\nfigures\/legends don\u2019t count towards the word limit). You could if you wanted
\nfocus one paper per aim (if you go for two aims). <\/span><\/p>\n

The other papers
\nare used to compare\/contrast around these and will be tied in through-out, so
\nshould all be closely linked.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Overall you are
\nwanting around 10 -15 papers for your essay, some of these will be more
\ngeneralised and reviews which help construct the introduction. <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Topic \u2013 Discuss
\nthe role of the tumour microenvironment in promoting drug resistance in breast
\ncancer.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Approx.
\n2,000 word critical analysis of the literature based on the topic title<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Review
\narticles can be used to form the introduction<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Papers:<\/span><\/b> Reviews to start will help with background reading\/introduction.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Primary
\npapers <\/span><\/b>– Ideally want around 2-3 key papers <\/b>which
\nwill form the basis of your dissertation and critical interpretation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>Start by evolving the
\nhypothesis (statement to be tested)<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Hypothesis
\n– <\/span><\/b>I hypothesis that, the immune cells <\/u>of the
\ntumour microenvironment protect the tumour from targeted cancer therapies and
\nare key in promoting drug resistance. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Search
\nPubmed\/goggle scholar to find more\/related review articles,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Use the
\nsearch terms in the title of your essay and narrow the search to free open
\naccess journals and within the last 10 years,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Screen for
\nsuitability<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Evolve the
\nhypothesis given \u2013 is there a particular cell type or pathway that you want to
\ninvestigate further (i.e. CAFs, macrophages or mediators such as CXCL12 or TGF,
\nor a combination),<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>In terms
\nof drug resistance easier to link to one class of drugs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Focus on a
\nsingle cell type or mediator, however you can discuss bring in others if they
\ninteract with your chosen cell\/mediator to expand the discussion. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b4 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>After a
\nweek or two of reading \u2013 Generate a 3-5 bullet point list <\/b>of how you are
\ngoing to tackle your essay. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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