{"id":35796,"date":"2024-10-23T16:44:12","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T16:44:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/investigating-the-effects-of-diversity-and-inclusion-practices-on-organisational-performance-a-case-study-of-james-belgrave-micro-enterprise-development-fund-inc-belfund\/"},"modified":"2024-10-23T16:44:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T16:44:12","slug":"investigating-the-effects-of-diversity-and-inclusion-practices-on-organisational-performance-a-case-study-of-james-belgrave-micro-enterprise-development-fund-inc-belfund","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/investigating-the-effects-of-diversity-and-inclusion-practices-on-organisational-performance-a-case-study-of-james-belgrave-micro-enterprise-development-fund-inc-belfund\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigating the Effects of Diversity and Inclusion Practices on Organisational Performance: A Case Study of James Belgrave Micro Enterprise Development Fund Inc. (BELfund)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Research Topic: <\/span>Investigating the Effects of Diversity and Inclusion Practices on Organisational Performance: A Case Study of James Belgrave Micro Enterprise Development Fund Inc. (BELfund)<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

The<\/span><\/b>
\nProposal<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/b>must<\/span> <\/span>contain<\/span> <\/span>comprehensive information<\/span>
\non each<\/span> of the<\/span> following<\/span> <\/span>subtopics:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Title<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

This <\/span>should<\/span> <\/span>be<\/span> <\/span>short,<\/span> <\/span>sharp,<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>describe<\/span> <\/span>what<\/span> <\/span>your <\/span>research<\/span>
\n<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>about:<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>may<\/span> <\/span>also<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>a <\/span>\u2018working<\/span>
\n<\/span>title\u2019<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

you
\nwill<\/span> <\/span>revise<\/span> <\/span>as your<\/span>
\nproject<\/span> <\/span>develops.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Introduction<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

This <\/span>component<\/span>
\n<\/span>provides<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>context<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>a <\/span>situational<\/span> <\/span>analysis<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span>
\n<\/span>topic<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>hand.<\/span> <\/span>Ideally,<\/span>
\n<\/span>this<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>also <\/span>where<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>question<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>hypothesis<\/span> <\/span>are<\/span> <\/span>stated.<\/span> <\/span>It<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>important<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>explain<\/span>
\n<\/span>why<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>subject<\/span> <\/span>was<\/span>
\nchosen,<\/span> <\/span>and what<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span>
\nrelevance<\/span> or<\/span> rationale<\/span> <\/span>is for<\/span>
\nundertaking<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>on the <\/span>subject.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.1  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Background <\/span><\/b>to <\/span>the<\/span> Study<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

The background<\/span>
\ninformation<\/span> <\/span>provides<\/span> <\/span>sufficient<\/span> <\/span>content<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>reader<\/span> <\/span>so<\/span> <\/span>they<\/span> <\/span>can <\/span>understand<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>purpose<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>experiment\/study,<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>design,<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>interpretation<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>results.<\/span>
\n<\/span>The <\/span>writer<\/span> <\/span>must<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span>
\n<\/span>the <\/span>background<\/span> <\/span>information<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> <\/span>properly<\/span> <\/span>cite<\/span> <\/span>all<\/span> <\/span>sources<\/span> <\/span>used.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>background<\/span> <\/span>provides<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>general<\/span> <\/span>overview<\/span>
\n<\/span>of the<\/span> topic<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>study<\/span>
\nin <\/span>the<\/span>
\nfirst<\/span> <\/span>paragraph<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>introduce<\/span>
\n<\/span>the<\/span> main<\/span> <\/span>idea(s).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.2  <\/span><\/span><\/span>The<\/span><\/b> research<\/span> problem<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Explain<\/span> <\/span>how <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>problem<\/span>
\n<\/span>relates<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>business,<\/span>
\n<\/span>social,<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>political<\/span>
\n<\/span>trends<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>presenting<\/span> <\/span>data<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>demonstrates<\/span> <\/span>the scope<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> <\/span>depth <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> problem.<\/span> <\/span>This<\/span>
\nshould<\/span> be supported<\/span> by the use<\/span>
\nof statistics. <\/span>Try to give<\/span> dramatic<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>concrete<\/span>
\n<\/span>illustrations<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>problem.<\/span>
\n<\/span>After<\/span> <\/span>writing<\/span> <\/span>this<\/span> <\/span>section,<\/span> <\/span>make<\/span> <\/span>sure<\/span> <\/span>you<\/span> <\/span>can<\/span> <\/span>easily<\/span> <\/span>identify<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>single<\/span> sentence<\/span>
\nthat<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>the problem<\/span>
\n<\/span>statement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.3  <\/span><\/span><\/span>The<\/span><\/b> research<\/span> question<\/span>
\n<\/span>Research<\/span> question(s)<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>research<\/span>
\n<\/span>question<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>clear, <\/span>focused,<\/span> <\/span>concise,<\/span> <\/span>complex<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>arguable<\/span>
\n<\/span>question<\/span> <\/span>around<\/span> <\/span>which<\/span> <\/span>you <\/span>center<\/span>
\n<\/span>your <\/span>research.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>specific<\/span> <\/span>purpose<\/span> <\/span>stated<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>form<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>a <\/span>question.<\/span> <\/span>A <\/span>research<\/span>
\n<\/span>question<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>a <\/span>narrow<\/span><\/b>,<\/span> <\/span>challenging<\/span> <\/span><\/b>question<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>addresses<\/span> <\/span>an <\/span>issue<\/span><\/b>,<\/span> <\/span>problem<\/span> <\/span><\/b>or
\n<\/span>controversy<\/span> <\/span><\/b>that<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>answered<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>conclusion<\/span> based<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> analysis<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>interpretation<\/span> of <\/span>the evidence.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>research<\/span>
\n<\/span>question<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>logical<\/span> <\/span>statement<\/span> <\/span><\/b>that<\/span> <\/span>progresses<\/span> <\/span>from<\/span> <\/span>what<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>known<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>believed<\/span>
\n<\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>true<\/span> <\/span><\/u>to <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>which<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>unknown<\/span>
\n<\/span>and <\/span>requires<\/span> <\/span>validation<\/span><\/u>.<\/span> <\/span>You<\/span> <\/span>should<\/span> <\/span>ask <\/span>a <\/span>question<\/span>
\n<\/span>about<\/span> <\/span>an <\/span>issue<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>you <\/span>are<\/span> <\/span>genuinely<\/span> <\/span>curious<\/span> <\/span>about.<\/span> <\/span>Research<\/span> <\/span>questions<\/span> <\/span>assist<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>providing<\/span>
\n<\/span>a <\/span>path <\/span>through<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>writing<\/span>
\n<\/span>process.<\/span> <\/span>Developing<\/span>
\na <\/span>good research<\/span> <\/span>question<\/span>
\n<\/span>is one <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>first<\/span> <\/span>critical<\/span>
\n<\/span>steps<\/span> <\/span>in the research <\/span>process.<\/span>
\n<\/span>The research<\/span> <\/span>question,<\/span> <\/span>when<\/span> <\/span>appropriately<\/span> <\/span>written,<\/span> <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>guide<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>research<\/span>
\n<\/span>project<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>assist<\/span> <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>construction<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>logical<\/span>
\n<\/span>argument.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.4  <\/span><\/span><\/span>The <\/span>research<\/span>
\nhypothesis<\/span> <\/span>(if<\/i><\/span> <\/span>applicable<\/span><\/i>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A
\nresearch<\/span> <\/span>hypothesis<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>a <\/span>specific,<\/span> <\/span>clear, <\/span>and <\/span>testable<\/span> <\/span>proposition<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>predictive<\/span> <\/span>statement<\/span> <\/span>about<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>possible<\/span>
\n<\/span>outcome<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>scientific<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>based<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>a <\/span>particular<\/span> <\/span>property<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>a <\/span>population,<\/span> <\/span>such<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>presumed<\/span>
\n<\/span>differences<\/span> between<\/span> groups<\/span> <\/span>on a particular<\/span>
\nvariable<\/span> or <\/span>relationships<\/span> between<\/span> variables.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n



\n<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.5  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Rationale<\/span><\/b> or purpose<\/span> <\/span>of the<\/span>
\nstudy<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

This <\/span>describes<\/span> the <\/span>goals,<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> <\/span>objectives<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>are targets<\/span>
\nand <\/span>desired<\/span> <\/span>outcomes<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>work<\/span> <\/span>done<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>you<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>find<\/span> <\/span>answers<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>problem<\/span>
\n<\/span>or <\/span>issue<\/span> <\/span>under<\/span> <\/span>investigation.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>purpose<\/span> <\/span>often<\/span> <\/span>starts<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>single<\/span> <\/span>goal<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>statement<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>explains<\/span>
\nwhat <\/span>the study<\/span> <\/span>intends<\/span>
\n<\/span>to accomplish.<\/span> A few<\/span> typical<\/span> <\/span>statements<\/span>
\nare:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The goal<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>this<\/span>
\nstudy<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>to\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026overcome<\/span>
\n<\/span>the difficulty<\/span> <\/span>with\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026discover<\/span> what\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026understand<\/span>
\n<\/span>the <\/span>causes<\/span>
\nand<\/span> effects<\/span>
\nof\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026refine<\/span> our current<\/span> <\/span>understanding<\/span>
\nof\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026provide<\/span>
\n<\/span>new interpretations<\/span> of\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026understand<\/span> what<\/span> <\/span>makes\u2026successful<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>unsuccessful\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

It<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>then <\/span>followed<\/span>
\n<\/span>by <\/span>a <\/span>paragraph<\/span> <\/span>which<\/span> <\/span>describes<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>objectives<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>support<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>goal<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>investigation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.6  <\/span><\/span><\/span>The<\/span><\/b> aims<\/span> <\/span>and
\nobjectives<\/span> of <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>study<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Aims:<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/b>Are<\/span> <\/span>broad<\/span> <\/span>statements<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>desired<\/span> <\/span>outcomes,<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>general<\/span> <\/span>intentions<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research,<\/span> <\/span>which<\/span> <\/span>‘paint<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>picture’ <\/span>of<\/span>
\nyour<\/span> research<\/span> <\/span>project<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Emphasize<\/span>
\nwhat<\/span>
\n<\/span>is<\/span> to <\/span>be accomplished<\/span> <\/span>(not<\/span> <\/span>how <\/span>it <\/span>is <\/span>to<\/span> be accomplished)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Address<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>long-term<\/span> <\/span>project<\/span> <\/span>outcomes, <\/span>i.e. <\/span><\/span><\/i>they<\/span> <\/span>should<\/span> <\/span>reflect<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>aspirations<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> <\/span>expectations<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

the <\/span>research<\/span>
\ntopic.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Once<\/span> <\/span>aims<\/span> <\/span>have<\/span> <\/span>been <\/span>established,<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>next<\/span> <\/span>task<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>formulate<\/span>
\n<\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>objectives.<\/span> <\/span>Generally,<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>project<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

should<\/span> <\/span>have<\/span> <\/span>no <\/span>more<\/span> <\/span>than<\/span> <\/span>two<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>three<\/span> <\/span>aims<\/span> <\/span>statements,<\/span> <\/span>while<\/span> <\/span>it<\/span> <\/span>may <\/span>include<\/span>
\n<\/span>a <\/span>number<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>objectives<\/span> <\/span>consistent<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> <\/span>them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Objectives<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/b>are<\/span> subsidiary<\/span> <\/span>to<\/span> aims<\/span> and:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Are<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>steps<\/span> <\/span>you <\/span>are <\/span>going <\/span>to <\/span>take <\/span>to <\/span>answer<\/span> <\/span>your <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>questions
\n<\/span>or <\/span>a <\/span>specific<\/span> <\/span>list<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

tasks <\/span>needed<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>accomplish <\/span>the <\/span>goals<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>project.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Emphasize<\/span> <\/span>how
\n<\/span>aims<\/span> <\/span>are <\/span>to <\/span>be <\/span>accomplished.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Must<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>highly <\/span>focused<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>feasible.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Address<\/span> <\/span>the
\n<\/span>more <\/span>immediate <\/span>project<\/span> <\/span>outcomes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Make<\/span> <\/span>accurate<\/span> <\/span>use
\n<\/span>of <\/span>concepts.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Must<\/span> <\/span>be
\n<\/span>sensible<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> <\/span>precisely<\/span> <\/span>described.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Should <\/span>read<\/span> <\/span>as<\/span> <\/span>an<\/span> <\/span>‘individual’<\/span> <\/span>statement<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>convey<\/span>
\n<\/span>your <\/span>intentions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.7  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Significance<\/span><\/b> of<\/span> the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> <\/span>significance<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>proposal<\/span> <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>evaluated<\/span>
\n<\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>determine<\/span> <\/span>if <\/span>it <\/span>addresses<\/span> <\/span>an <\/span>important<\/span>
\n<\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>problem.<\/span>
\nApplications<\/span> <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>be evaluated<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>determine<\/span>
\n<\/span>if <\/span>they <\/span>are<\/span> likely<\/span>
\n<\/span>to <\/span>lead<\/span> to <\/span>advancement<\/span> <\/span>in scientific<\/span> <\/span>knowledge<\/span>
\nand, specifically,<\/span> <\/span>to
\ndetermine<\/span> if<\/span> they <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>provide<\/span>
\nevidence<\/span> that<\/span> <\/span>is likely <\/span>to
\nlead <\/span>to <\/span>a change<\/span> in
\n<\/span>social<\/span> <\/span>work<\/span> policy<\/span> and<\/span>
\ni\\<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018\/ <\/span>.ntervention.<\/span> <\/span>Your<\/span> <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>should<\/span> <\/span>have <\/span>a <\/span>value<\/span> <\/span>not<\/span> <\/span>only<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>yourself<\/span> <\/span>but <\/span>also<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>management<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>your <\/span>company,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>community<\/span>
\n<\/span>where<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>conducted,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>participants\/respondents<\/span> <\/span>themselves.<\/span> <\/span>Furthermore,<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>should<\/span> <\/span>have<\/span> <\/span>an <\/span>impact<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>your<\/span> <\/span>field<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>specialization<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>you <\/span>should<\/span> <\/span>mention<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>sectors<\/span>
\n<\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>be<\/span>
\nbenefited<\/span> by your<\/span> studies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The significance<\/span> of <\/span>the <\/span>study<\/span> answers<\/span> <\/span>the questions:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Why<\/span> <\/span>is
\n<\/span>your <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>important?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>To <\/span>whom<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>it <\/span>important?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n



\n<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>What<\/span> <\/span>benefit(s) <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>occur <\/span>if <\/span>your <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>done?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/span><\/b>8
\nConclusion<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Complete<\/span> the<\/span> chapter<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> <\/span>a brief<\/span> <\/span>conclusion<\/span>
\nwhich<\/span> <\/span>summarizes<\/span> your<\/span> main<\/span> <\/span>points<\/span> <\/span>and indicates<\/span> <\/span>to the<\/span> <\/span>readers<\/span>
\nwhat<\/span> <\/span>comes<\/span> next.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Literature<\/span><\/b> Review<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>purpose<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>literature<\/span> <\/span>review<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>determine<\/span>
\n<\/span>what<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>says\u2014and<\/span> <\/span>doesn\u2019t<\/span> <\/span>say\u2014about<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>topic.<\/span> <\/span>Here\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>main
\npoint<\/span> <\/span>about<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>literature<\/span>
\nreview:<\/span> <\/span>It<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>not<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>paper<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>a
\ntopic<\/span><\/b>.<\/span> <\/span>It<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> a <\/span>paper<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>about<\/span>
\na <\/span>topic<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>What <\/span>do researchers<\/span> know?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>What <\/span>do they<\/span> not<\/span> <\/span>know?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>What <\/span>has <\/span>been <\/span>researched<\/span> and<\/span> what<\/span> <\/span>has<\/span>
\nnot<\/span>
\n<\/span>been<\/span> <\/span>researched?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Is<\/span> the research<\/span> reliable<\/span>
\nand<\/span>
\n<\/span>trustworthy?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Where<\/span> are<\/span> <\/span>the
\ngaps<\/span> <\/span>in the<\/span> knowledge?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

When
\nyou<\/span> compile<\/span> <\/span>all<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>together,<\/span> you<\/span> have<\/span> yourself<\/span>
\n<\/span>a literature<\/span> review.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ensure <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>you <\/span>conclude<\/span>
\n<\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>chapter<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>summarizing<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>main<\/span> <\/span>findings<\/span>
\n<\/span>of <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>literature<\/span> <\/span>review<\/span> <\/span>exercise<\/span> <\/span>and indicate<\/span>
\nto <\/span>the <\/span>reader<\/span> what<\/span> <\/span>comes<\/span> next.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.1  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Proposed<\/span><\/b> Methodology<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>Methodology<\/span> <\/span>section<\/span> <\/span>describes<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>data<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>you<\/span> <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>use<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>research,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>methodology<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>be<\/span> <\/span>adopted<\/span>
\n<\/span>and justify<\/span> <\/span>your <\/span>choice<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>methodology<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Inform<\/span> <\/span>readers<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>the
\n<\/span>kinds <\/span>of <\/span>data<\/span> <\/span>going <\/span>to <\/span>be <\/span>collected<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Research<\/span> <\/span>procedure <\/span>(interviews?<\/span> <\/span>observations?<\/span> <\/span>qquestionnaires?)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>If <\/span>outside <\/span>organizations<\/span> <\/span>involved, <\/span>explain<\/span> <\/span>how <\/span>you <\/span>are<\/span> <\/span>going <\/span>to <\/span>get<\/span> <\/span>hold <\/span>of <\/span>the
\ndata.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Indicate<\/span> <\/span>why<\/span> <\/span>the
\n<\/span>methodology <\/span>is <\/span>used.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>If <\/span>existing <\/span>methodology <\/span>is <\/span>not <\/span>to <\/span>be <\/span>used,<\/span> <\/span>explain
\n<\/span>why<\/span> <\/span>you <\/span>need<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>use <\/span>an<\/span> <\/span>adapted<\/span><\/p>\n

methodology.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Research<\/span> Design<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Research<\/span> <\/span>requires<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>design<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>a <\/span>structure<\/span>
\n<\/span>before<\/span> <\/span>data<\/span> <\/span>collection<\/span> <\/span>or<\/span> <\/span>analysis<\/span> <\/span>can<\/span> <\/span>commence.<\/span> <\/span>A <\/span>research <\/span>design<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>not<\/span> <\/span>just<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>work<\/span> <\/span>plan.<\/span> <\/span>A <\/span>work<\/span> <\/span>plan<\/span> <\/span>details<\/span> <\/span>what<\/span> <\/span>has <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>done<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>complete<\/span>
\n<\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>project,<\/span> <\/span>but<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>work<\/span> <\/span>plan <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>flow<\/span> <\/span>from<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>project’s<\/span>
\n<\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>design.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>research<\/span>
\n<\/span>design<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>to <\/span>ensure<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>evidence<\/span>
\n<\/span>obtained<\/span> enables<\/span>
\n<\/span>us to <\/span>answer<\/span> the<\/span> initial<\/span>
\n<\/span>question<\/span> <\/span>as unambiguously<\/span>
\nas<\/span> possible.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Specify<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>dissertation<\/span> <\/span>is <\/span>experimental,<\/span> <\/span>quasi-experimental,<\/span> <\/span>correlational,<\/span> <\/span>causal-<\/span> <\/span>comparative,<\/span>
\nquantitative,<\/span> <\/span>qualitative,<\/span> <\/span>mixed<\/span> <\/span>methods,<\/span> <\/span>or another<\/span>
\ndesign.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.3  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Setting<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/b>and Participants<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>In<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>quantitative<\/span> <\/span>study,<\/span> <\/span>describe<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>geographic<\/span> <\/span>location<\/span> <\/span>where<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>take <\/span>place,<\/span>
\n<\/span>cite<\/span> <\/span>recognizable<\/span> landmarks<\/span> such<\/span> as a <\/span>nearby<\/span> urban<\/span> <\/span>city.<\/span>
\nDescribe<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> participant<\/span> <\/span>pool.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>In<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>qualitative<\/span> <\/span>study,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>decision<\/span>
\n<\/span>regarding<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>number<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>participants<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>a <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>becomes<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

reflection<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>study\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>purpose.<\/span> <\/span>Ten<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>twelve<\/span> <\/span>participants<\/span> <\/span>may<\/span> <\/span>prove<\/span> <\/span>sufficient<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>qualitative<\/span> <\/span>inquiries<\/span> involving<\/span>
\n<\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>understanding<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>experiences<\/span>
\nand<\/span>
\n<\/span>perceptions<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>participants.<\/span> <\/span>A <\/span>successful<\/span> <\/span>purposeful<\/span> <\/span>sample<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>a
\nphenomenological<\/span> <\/span>study<\/span>
\ncould<\/span> <\/span>range <\/span>from<\/span> <\/span>1
\nto <\/span>40.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n



\n<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.4  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Data<\/span><\/b> sources\/Instruments<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

What <\/span>kind<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>measuring<\/span> <\/span>instruments<\/span> <\/span>or<\/span> <\/span>questionnaires<\/span> <\/span>do <\/span>you<\/span> <\/span>use?<\/span> <\/span>Why <\/span>do <\/span>you <\/span>choose <\/span>them?<\/span> <\/span>Are<\/span> <\/span>they<\/span> <\/span>valid<\/span> and
\n<\/span>reliable?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.5  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Data<\/span><\/b> collection<\/span> techniques<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> <\/span>both <\/span>qualitative<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>quantitative<\/span> <\/span>studies,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>precise<\/span> <\/span>method<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>how <\/span>the <\/span>data<\/span> <\/span>were<\/span> <\/span>processed<\/span>
\n<\/span>and <\/span>then<\/span> <\/span>analyzed<\/span>
\n<\/span>is described.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.6
\nSampling<\/span> Techniques<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

After<\/span> <\/span>identifying<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>population,<\/span> <\/span>you <\/span>are<\/span> <\/span>required<\/span>
\n<\/span>to <\/span>identify,<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>discuss<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>type <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>sampling<\/span>
\n<\/span>method<\/span> <\/span>used,<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>reason<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> <\/span>this<\/span> <\/span>selecting<\/span> <\/span>this<\/span> <\/span>method.<\/span> <\/span>Be<\/span> <\/span>mindful<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>specific<\/span> <\/span>quantitative<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>qualitative<\/span> <\/span>sampling<\/span> <\/span>methods.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.7  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Pretest<\/span><\/b> or pilot<\/span> study<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>In<\/span> a <\/span>quantitative<\/span> <\/span>study,<\/span> <\/span>a survey<\/span>
\n<\/span>instrument<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>is <\/span>researcher<\/span> <\/span>designed<\/span> <\/span>needs <\/span>a <\/span>pilot <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>validate<\/span>
\n<\/span>the <\/span>effectiveness<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>instrument,<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>value<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>questions <\/span>to <\/span>elicit<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>right <\/span>information<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>answer<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>primary<\/span> <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>questions
\n<\/span>in.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>In<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>scientific <\/span>study,<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>pilot <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>may <\/span>precede<\/span>
\n<\/span>the <\/span>main <\/span>observation<\/span> <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>correct<\/span> <\/span>any<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

problems<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> <\/span>the
\n<\/span>instrumentation<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>other<\/span> <\/span>elements<\/span>
\n<\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>data<\/span> <\/span>collection<\/span> <\/span>technique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa        
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Describe<\/span> <\/span>the
\n<\/span>pilot <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>it <\/span>relates<\/span>
\n<\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>research<\/span> <\/span>design,<\/span> <\/span>development<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>instrument,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

data<\/span> <\/span>collection<\/span> <\/span>procedures, <\/span>or <\/span>characteristics<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>sample.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.8  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Definitions<\/span><\/b> of <\/span>key<\/span> terms,<\/span>
\nconcepts<\/span> and <\/span>variables<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Terms<\/span> or<\/span> concepts<\/span>
\nthat <\/span>you <\/span>use should<\/span> <\/span>be defined<\/span> <\/span>and explained<\/span> <\/span>unless<\/span> <\/span>they <\/span>are<\/span> familiar<\/span> <\/span>or<\/span>
\nobvious.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.9  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>Data<\/span><\/b> analysis<\/span> <\/span>and
\ninterpretation<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Discusses<\/span> <\/span>how the<\/span> data<\/span> will
\n<\/span>be analyzed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.10 Ethical<\/span>
\n<\/span>considerations<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>procedures<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>protection<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>human<\/span> <\/span>participants<\/span> <\/span>should<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>stated.<\/span>
\n<\/span>Ethical<\/span> <\/span>concerns<\/span> <\/span>are<\/span> <\/span>important,<\/span> <\/span>particularly<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>reference<\/span>
\n<\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>planning,<\/span> <\/span>conducting,<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> <\/span>evaluating<\/span> <\/span>research.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>study<\/span> <\/span>should<\/span> <\/span>present<\/span> <\/span>minimal<\/span> <\/span>risk<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>participants<\/span> <\/span>pertaining<\/span> <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>experimental<\/span> <\/span>treatment<\/span> <\/span>or<\/span> <\/span>exposure<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>physical<\/span>
\n<\/span>or <\/span>psychological <\/span>harm.<\/span> <\/span>Care<\/span>
\nshould <\/span>be taken<\/span> <\/span>to ensure<\/span> that<\/span> <\/span>the participants<\/span>
\nfully<\/span> <\/span>understood<\/span> the nature<\/span> of<\/span>
\nthe study<\/span> and the<\/span> <\/span>fact<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>participation <\/span>is voluntary.<\/span> <\/span>A <\/span>statement<\/span> <\/span>should
\n<\/span>be made<\/span> that<\/span> <\/span>confidentiality<\/span> <\/span>of recovered<\/span> <\/span>data<\/span>
\nwill<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>maintained<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>all<\/span> <\/span>times,<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>identification<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>participants<\/span> <\/span>will<\/span> <\/span>not <\/span>be<\/span> <\/span>available<\/span>
\n<\/span>during<\/span> <\/span>or<\/span> <\/span>after<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>study.
\n<\/span>Ethical<\/span> <\/span>consideration<\/span> <\/span>should<\/span>
\nconsider<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>following:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.8.1  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Confidentiality<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.8.2  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Informed<\/span> consent<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.8.3  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Provision<\/span> <\/span>of
\ndebriefing,<\/span> counseling<\/span> <\/span>and additional<\/span> <\/span>information.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.11 Conclusion<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.0 List<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span>
\nSources\/References<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

5.0 Appendices<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>
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