This paper should be grounded in EXISTING SCHOLARLY LITERATURE. There are varying viewpoints on the impacts of a tribal casino among researchers as many praise the casino’s presence with economic success like low unemployment and the overall betterment of the community. However, other research questions the social impacts to tribal members. It is also interesting that the general view of gambling is immoral and unsavory (see source number 5 below) yet, tribal casinos have been celebrated because of their economic impact, especially for Native Americans who have long endured suffering. <\/p>\n
Could it be though, that those unsavory effects of gambling are also impacting tribal communities and surrounding areas in a negative way? Specifically, is there evidence that a tribal casino increases drug related crimes and deaths in the surrounding area? With existing research demonstrating causality between gambling and drug and alcohol usage (see source #3 below), and other research highlighting these problems within native American tribes (see sources #10-13), it raises curiosity if there is a link between the presence of a casino and drug related crimes and death. <\/p>\n
To narrow the scope, I wanted to focus in on the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in NC, who’s tribal casino opened in 2007 (see source #7) We could use the Lumbee tribe in NC as a comparison group; they do NOT have a casino. The paper must have:<\/p>\n
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“Does the presence of tribal casinos increase the incidence of drug-related crime and trafficking on Native American reservations, compared to similar areas without a casino?”<\/strong><\/p>\n By including the Lumbee Tribe in your research, you can investigate whether there is a significant difference in drug-related crime rates between a tribe with a casino (EBCI) and a similar tribe without one (Lumbee).<\/p>\n EBCI<\/strong>:<\/p>\n Lumbee Tribe<\/strong>:<\/p>\n Difference-in-Differences (DiD) Analysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n Regression Analysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n EBCI<\/strong>:<\/p>\n Lumbee Tribe<\/strong>:<\/p>\n For both groups, control for:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n II. Put together and report an annotated bibliography <\/p>\n 1) <\/span><\/span><\/span>Conner, T.W. and Taggart, W.A. This <\/span><\/p>\n 2) <\/span><\/span><\/span>French, L., & Hornbuckle, J. This 3) <\/span><\/span><\/span>Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., A generalized study that focuses on the 4) <\/span><\/span><\/span>William N. Evans & Julie H. This 5) <\/span><\/span><\/span>Janes, P. L., & Collison, J. This study incorporates crime-specific 6) <\/span><\/span><\/span>Momper, S. L. (2010). Implications 7) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Courtney Lewis. (2017). Betting on This 8) <\/span><\/span><\/span>Earl L. Grinols, David B. This 9) <\/span><\/span><\/span>Asa Revels, & Janet Cummings. 10) <\/span><\/span><\/span>Whelshula, M., Hill, M., Galaitsi, S.E. et al.<\/i> Native 11) <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span> <\/span>Trends in Fatal Opioid-Related 12) By Spencer, Merianne R. ; Mini\u00f1o, Arialdi M. ; Warner, Margaret<\/span><\/p>\n https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15620\/cdc:122556 <\/span><\/p>\n 13) <\/span><\/span><\/span>Excerpt: \u201cIn both 2020 and 2021, rates were highest for non-Hispanic
\n2. Comparative Analysis<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n
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\n3. Quantitative Research Methodology<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n
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\n4. Data Collection<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n
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\n5. Control Variables<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n
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\nof at least 8 peer-reviewed <\/b>scholarly publications
\nrelated to the topic of your term research project.<\/p>\n
\n(2013), Assessing the Impact of Indian Gaming on American Indian Nations: Is
\nthe House Winning?<\/span>\u2020<\/span><\/a>. Social Science Quarterly, 94: 1016-1044. <\/span>https:\/\/doi-org.prox.lib.ncsu.edu\/10.1111\/ssqu.12009<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n
\nstudy compares census data from 330 Indian nations using a pre\/post-test design
\nas they assess in 1990 and again in 2000 among gaming and non-gaming tribal nations.
\nThey also distinguished the study among the three classes of gaming (Class
\nII only, Class III no pay, and Class III pay), the latter of which includes the
\nEBCI my study will examine. Notable findings include a modest positive effect
\non unemployment and reservation conditions. <\/span><\/p>\n
\n(1977). An Analysis of Indian Violence: The Cherokee Example. American Indian
\nQuarterly, 3(4), 335\u2013356. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1183859<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n
\nis an ancient study; however, comparing \u201capples to apples\u201d is a great
\nresource. It explicitly cites crime statistics among the EBCI in the 1970s,
\nwell before a casino appeared. The article analyzes census data with a focus on
\nfour violent personal crimes; homicide, forcible rape, armed robbery, and
\nassault (French et al.). <\/span>Shockingly, this analysis shows a 20% criminal homicide rate
\nin the Qualla Boundary in 1975, up from 9.52% in 1974 (French et al.). Comparing
\nthis to the state of North Carolina\u2019s 2.84% criminal homicide rate in 1975 (French
\net al.), there\u2019s some apparent variation<\/a><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\nTidwell, M. C., & Hoffman, J. H. (2015). Gambling and Substance Use:
\nCo-occurrence among Adults in a Recent General Population Study in the United
\nStates. International gambling studies<\/i>, 15<\/i>(1), 55\u201371. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14459795.2014.990396<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
\nco-occurrence of substance use and abuse in gambling in the US, not specific to
\ntribal casinos. This study contains a robust secondary data analysis and
\ndetailed sampling techniques they employed, such as the Survey of Gambling in
\nthe U.S. (SOGUS2). Overall, this study provides solid evidence that problem
\ngambling is closely linked with alcoholism and drug use. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nTopoleski, 2002. “<\/span>The Social and Economic Impact of
\nNative American Casinos<\/span><\/b><\/a>,” <\/span>NBER
\nWorking Papers<\/span><\/a> 9198,
\nNational Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nstudy acknowledges the positive economic impacts of tribal gaming in the
\nsurrounding communities; however, it also measures crime and finds a notable 10%
\nincrease in violent crime in the years following the casino\u2019s opening. <\/span><\/p>\n
\n(2004). Community Leader Perceptions of the Social and Economic Impacts of
\nIndian Gaming. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 8<\/i>(1).
\nRetrieved from <\/span>https:\/\/digitalscholarship.unlv.edu\/grrj\/vol8\/iss1\/2<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n
\ndata and references prior studies that have analyzed the correlation between
\ntribal casinos and crime, specifically studies in the Midwest and Wisconsin. There
\nare also perspectives of eight tribal community leaders that accompany the
\nvarious impacts of casino presence. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nof american indian gambling for social work research and practice. Social
\nWork, 55<\/i>(2), 139-46. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sw\/55.2.139 <\/span>https:\/\/www.americangaming.org\/policies\/tribal-gaming\/<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n
\nWestern North Carolina: Harrah\u2019s Cherokee Casino Resort\u2019s Regional Impacts. Journal
\nof Appalachian Studies<\/i>, 23<\/i>(1), 29\u201352. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5406\/jappastud.23.1.0029<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\nis an excellent investigation into the regional impacts of Harrah\u2019s Cherokee
\nCasino in North Carolina. It examines factors like education, poverty levels,
\nand median income, which is much lower within the EBCI\u2019s Qualla Boundary
\n(Lewis, 2017). This study also carefully examines the concept of per capita
\npayments from casino revenue and their social impacts. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\nMustard; Casinos, Crime, and Community Costs. The Review of Economics
\nand Statistics<\/i> 2006; 88 (1): 28\u201345. doi: <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/rest.2006.88.1.28<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
\nstudy investigates the link between casinos and crime in communities outside of
\nmajor metropolitan gambling destinations like Las Vegas or Atlantic City. <\/span><\/p>\n
\n(2014). The Impact of Drug Trafficking on American Indian Reservations with
\nInternational Boundaries. American Indian Quarterly, 38(3), 287\u2013318. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5250\/amerindiquar.38.3.0287<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n
\npopulations and the opioid crisis: forging a path to recovery. Environ
\nSyst Decis<\/i> 41<\/b>, 334\u2013340 (2021). <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10669-021-09813-3<\/span><\/a><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
\nOverdose in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities, 1999\u20132021, Bauer,
\nCici et al. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 66, Issue 6, 927 \u2013
\n935 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Drug Overdose Deaths in the
\nUnited States, 2001\u20132021 (2\/22\/2022) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\nAmerican Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) people (42.5 per 100,000 and 56.6,
\nrespectively), and lowest for non-Hispanic Asian people (4.6 and 4.7,
\nrespectively)\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n