{"id":34680,"date":"2024-10-11T04:04:12","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T04:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/compare-and-contrast-the-pathophysiology-between-alzheimers-disease-and-frontotemporal-dementia\/"},"modified":"2024-10-11T04:04:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T04:04:12","slug":"compare-and-contrast-the-pathophysiology-between-alzheimers-disease-and-frontotemporal-dementia","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/compare-and-contrast-the-pathophysiology-between-alzheimers-disease-and-frontotemporal-dementia\/","title":{"rendered":"Compare and contrast the pathophysiology between Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and frontotemporal dementia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Case Scenario<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">A 76-year -old man is brought to the primary care office by his wife with concerns about his worsening memory. He is a retired lawyer who has recently been getting lost in the neighborhood where he has lived for 35 years. He was recently found wandering and has often been brought home by neighbors. When asked about this, he becomes angry and defensive and states that he was just trying to go to the store and get some bread.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">His wife expressed concerns about his ability to make decisions as she came home two days ago to find that he allowed an unknown individual into the home to convince him to buy a home security system which they already have. He has also had trouble dressing himself and balancing his checkbook. At this point, she is considering hiring a day-time caregiver help him with dressing, meals and general supervision why she is at work.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Past Medical History:<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong>Gastroesophageal reflux (treated with diet); is negative for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke or head injury or depression<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Allergies:<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong>No known allergies<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Medications:<\/strong><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span>None<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Family History<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Father deceased at age 78 of decline related to Alzheimer&#8217;s disease<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Mother deceased at age 80 of natural causes\u202f<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">No siblings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Social History<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Denies smoking<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Denies alcohol or recreational drug use\u202f<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Retired lawyer<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Hobby: Golf at least twice a week<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Review of Systems<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Constitutional: Denies fatigue or insomnia<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">HEENT: Denies nasal congestion, rhinorrhea or sore throat.\u202f\u202f<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Chest: Denies dyspnea or coughing<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Heart: Denies chest pain, chest pressure or palpitations.<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Lymph: Denies lymph node swelling.<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Musculoskeletal: denies falls or loss of balance; denies joint point or swelling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">General Physical Exam\u202f\u202f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Constitutional: Alert, angry but cooperative<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Vital Signs: BP-128\/72, T-98.6 F, P-76, RR-20<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Wt. 178\u202flbs., Ht.\u202f6&#8217;0&#8243;, BMI 24.1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">HEENT<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Head normocephalic; Pupils equal and reactive to light bilaterally; EOM&#8217;s intact<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Neck\/Lymph Nodes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">No abnormalities noted \u202f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Lungs\u202f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Bilateral breath sounds clear throughout lung fields.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Heart\u202f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">S1 and S2 regular rate and rhythm, no rubs or murmurs.\u202f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Integumentary System\u202f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Warm, dry and intact. Nail beds pink without clubbing. \u202f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Neurological<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Deep tendon reflexes (DTRs): 2\/2; muscle tone and strength 5\/5; no gait abnormalities; sensation intact bilaterally; no aphasia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Diagnostics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): Baseline score 12 out of 30 (moderate dementia)<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">MRI: hippocampal atrophy<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Based on the clinical presentation and diagnostic findings, the patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer&#8217;s type dementia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12px 0px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Discussion Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Compare and contrast the pathophysiology between Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and frontotemporal dementia.<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Identify the clinical findings from the case that supports a diagnosis of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. \u202f<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Explain one hypothesis that explains the development of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Discuss the patient&#8217;s likely stage of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease.<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Initial discussion post is supported with appropriate, scholarly sources; AND<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Sources are published within the last 5 years (unless it is the most current CPG); AND<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Reference list is provided and in-text citations match; AND<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">All answers are fully supported with an appropriate EBM argument\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Case Scenario A 76-year -old man is brought to the primary care office by his wife with concerns about his worsening memory. He is a retired lawyer who has recently been getting lost in the neighborhood where he has lived for 35 years. He was recently found wandering and has often been brought home by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[13],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/34680"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34680"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/34680\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=34680"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=34680"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=34680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}