Using the documents and your understanding of world history, compare and
\ncontrast the attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade
\nfrom the religions\u2019 origins until 1450.
\nIn your response, you should do the following:
\nIn your response, you should do the following:
\n\u2022 Thesis: Present a thesis that makes a historically defensible claim and responds to all parts of
\nthe question. It may be one or more sentences located in one place, either the introduction or
\nconclusion.
\n\u2022 Use of the Documents: Utilize the content of at least 6 documents to support the stated thesis
\nor relevant argument.
\n\u2022 Sourcing the Documents: Explain the significance of author\u2019s point of view, author\u2019s purpose,
\nhistorical context, and\/or audience for at least four documents.
\n\u2022 Contextualization: Situate the argument by explaining the broader historical events,
\ndevelopments, or processes immediately relevant to the question.
\n\u2022 Outside Evidence: Provide an example or additional piece of evidence beyond those found in
\nthe documents to support or qualify the argument.
\n\u2022 Analysis: Demonstrate a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus
\nof the prompt, using evidence to corroborate, modify or qualify an argument that addresses the
\nquestion.
\nDocument 1
\nSource: Christian Bible, New Testament (Matthew), c. 70-80 CE
\nThen said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That a rich man shall hardly enter into the
\nkingdom of heaven. And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a
\nneedle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.
\nDocument 2
\nDocument 3
\nDocument 3
\nDocument 4
\nDocument 4
\nSource: Muslim Qur\u2019an, c. 620-650 CE
\nOy ye believers! Devour not each other\u2019s property among yourselves unlawfully save that be trading
\nby mutual consent.
\nWoe to the cheaters! Who, when they take measure of their dues from men, take it fully; and when
\nthey measure out to others or weigh out for them, they give less than is due.
\nAnd give full measure when you measure out and weigh with true balance. This is fair and better in
\nthe end.
\nIf the two parties speak the truth and make it manifest, their transaction shall be blessed, and if
\nthey conceal and tell a lie, the blessing of their transaction shall be obliterated.
\nOn the day of judgement, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of
\nthe faith.
\nSource: Reginald, monk of Durham, The Life of St. Godric, 1170
\nHe chose not to follow the life of a husbandsman, but rather to study, learn, and exercise the
\nrudiment of more subtle conceptions. For this reason, aspiring to the merchant\u2019s trade, he began to
\nfollow the peddler\u2019s way of life, first learning how to gain in small bargains and things of
\ninsignificant price; and to gain from things of greater expense.
\nThus aspiring ever higher and higher, and yearning upward with his whole heart, at length his great
\nlabors and cares bore much fruit of worldly gain. For he labored not only as a merchant but also as a
\nshipman to Denmark and Flanders and Scotland; in all which lands he found certain rare, and
\ntherefore more precious wares which he carried to other parts wherein he knew them to be least
\nfamiliar, and coveted by the inhabitants beyond the price of gold itself; wherefore he exchanged
\nthese wares for other coveted by men of other lands; and thus bargained most freely and
\nassiduously. Hence he made a great profit in all his bargains, and gathered much wealth in the
\nsweat of his brow; for he sold dear in one place the wares which he had brought elsewhere at a
\nsmall price. [But later] he began to yearn for solitude, and to hold his merchandise in less esteem
\nthan before.
\nAnd now he had lived sixteen years as a merchant, and began to think of spending on charity to
\nGod\u2019s honor and service, the goods which he had so laboriously acquired. He therefore took the
\ncross as a pilgrim to Jerusalem.
\nGodric was now already firmly disposed to give himself entirely to God\u2019s service. Wherefore that he
\nmight follow Christ the more freely, he sold all of his possessions and distributed them among the
\npoor. For above all things he coveted the life of a hermit.
\nDocument 4
\nD
\nDocument 5
\nDocument 5
\nDocument 6
\nSource: Thomas Aquinas, leading Scholastic theologian, Summa Theologica, 1273
\nIt is written: All things \u2026.whatsoever you would that men should do to you, do you also to them. But
\nno man wishes to buy a thing for more than its worth. Therefore no man should sell a thing to
\nanother man for more than its worth.
\nI answer that it is altogether sinful to have recourse to deceit in order to sell a thing for more than
\nits just price, because this is to deceive one\u2019s neighbor so as to injure him. Hence Tully says:
\nContracts should be entirely free from double dealing: the seller must not impose upon the bidder,
\nnor the buyer upon one that bids against him.
\nTherefore, if either the price exceed the quantity of the thing\u2019 worth, or conversely, the thing
\nexceed the price, there is no longer the quality of justice\u201d and consequently, to sell a thing for more
\nthan its worth, or buy it for less than its worth, is in itself unjust and unlawful.
\nNow n man should sell what is not his, though he many charge for the loss he suffers.
\nSource: Ibn Khaldun, leading Muslim scholar, Universal History, 14th century
\nCommerce is the increasing of capital by buying goods and attempting to sell them at a price higher
\nthan their cost. This is done either by waiting for a rise in the market price; or by transporting the
\ngoods to another place where they are more keenly demanded and therefore fetch a higher price;
\nor, lastly, by selling them on a long-term credit basis. Commercial profit is small, relatively to the
\ncapital invested, but if the capital is large, even a low rate of profit will produce a large total gain.
\nIn order to achieve this increase in capital, it is necessary to have enough initial capital to pay in cash
\nthe sellers from whom one buys goods; it is also necessary to sell for cash, as honesty is not
\nwidespread among people. This dishonesty leads on the one hand to fraud and the adulteration of
\ngoods, and on the other to delays on payment which diminish profits because capital remains idle
\nduring the interval. It also induces buyers to repudiate their debts, a practice which is very injurious
\nto the merchant\u2019s capital.
\nThe manners of tradesmen are inferior to those of rulers, and far removed from manliness and
\nuprightness. We have already stated that traders must buy and sell and seek profits. This
\nnecessitates flattery and evasiveness, litigation and disputation, all of which are characteristic of this
\nprofession. And these qualities lead to a decrease and weakening in virtue and manliness. For these
\nacts inevitable affect the soul.
\nAs for Trade, although it be a natural means of livelihood, yet most of the methods it employs are
\ntricks aimed at making a profit by securing the difference between buying and selling prices and by
\nappropriating surplus. Hat is why Law allows the use of such methods, which although they come
\nunder the heading of gambling, yet do not constitute the taking without return of other people\u2019s
\ngoods.
\nDocument 6
\nDocument 7
\nDocument 7
\nSource: Letters to and from Italian merchants in the fourteenth century
\nA. Letter ordering religious paintings for sale.
\nA panel of Our Lady on a background of fine gold with two doors, making a fine show with good and
\nhandsome figures by the best painter. Let there be in the center Our Lord on the Cross, or Our Lady,
\nwhomsoever you find \u2013 I care not, so that the figures be handsome and large, the best and finest
\nyou can purvey, and the cost no more that 5 \u00bd or 6 \u00bd florins.
\nYou tell me you can find no pictures for the money we will pay, for there are none so cheap and
\ntherefore we bid you, if you find no good things at a fair cost, leave them, for here there is no great
\ndemand. They should be bought when the master artist who makes them is in need.
\nB. Letter from a merchant\u2019s mother
\nYou know God ahs granted you to acquire great riches in this world, may He be praised; and you
\nhave borne, and are bearing great burdens. Pray toil not so hard, only for the good of strangers, let
\nsome remembrance of your remain here and someone to pray God on your behalf. Crave not for all;
\nyou have already enough to suffice you.
\nC. Letter placing an order for English wool
\nYou say you have writ to Venice to remit us 1000 ducats with which, in the name of God and profit
\nyou would have us buy Cotswold wool. With God always before us, we will carry out your bidding.
\nSource: Islamic court decision, Ankara, 17th century, representative of Turkish guild practices in the
\n15th and 16th centuries
\n[The content of this document] is that the Sah Mehmed and Haci Mehmed and others from the
\nweavers\u2019 guild summoned [to court] Sakagolu Nasuh from the said guild and said in complaint:
\n\u201cWhenever cotton yarn comes to [town], the aforementioned arrives, pays an extra price, and takes
\nit from its owner and the other weavers remain deprived [of cotton yarn]. As of old, when cotton
\nyarn came, we all bought it together. The aforementioned has now acted contrary to the old
\ncustom; we do not agree to this.\u201d The aforementioned was warned empathetically that when
\ncotton yharn comes once more he should not buy it alone, but rather it should be distributed
\namong all. Whereupon the aforementioned took it upon himself to behave in the manner said. rubric:thesis\/ claim(1 pt) responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis\/ claim that establishes a line of reasoning , must make a claim taht respond to the prompt rather restating or rephrasing the promp, must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, intro or conclusion. conteztualizing(1 point)describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt, to earn this point the response must describe broader historical events, developments or processs that occur before, during or after the time frame of the prompt that are relevant to the topic, point is not awarded for merely a phrase or reference. evidence(3 points)support an argument in response to the prompt using at least 4 documents. use at least what additional peace of specific historical evidence (beyond that found in the document) relevant to an argument in response to the prompt. analysis and reasoning (2 points) for at least two documents explain how or why the documents point of view, purpose, historical situation and or audience is relevant to the argument, also demonstrate a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt through sophisticated argumentation and effective use of evidence <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Using the documents and your understanding of world history, compare and contrast the attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade from the religions\u2019 origins until 1450. In your response, you should do the following: In your response, you should do the following: \u2022 Thesis: Present a thesis that makes a historically defensible claim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[28],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/32639"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32639"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/32639\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=32639"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=32639"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=32639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}