{"id":23661,"date":"2024-04-30T16:58:35","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T16:58:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/an-investigation-into-the-flowering-and-leafing-patterns-of-the-acer-genus-in-urban-and-suburban\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T16:58:35","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T16:58:35","slug":"an-investigation-into-the-flowering-and-leafing-patterns-of-the-acer-genus-in-urban-and-suburban","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/an-investigation-into-the-flowering-and-leafing-patterns-of-the-acer-genus-in-urban-and-suburban\/","title":{"rendered":"An Investigation into the Flowering and Leafing Patterns of the Acer Genus in Urban and Suburban"},"content":{"rendered":"

ASSIGNMENT
\nDESCRIPTION, ECOLOGY (BIO 305) Writing a Primary Research Paper<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

TASK:  <\/span>Using data collected during your group
\nresearch project, write a primary research paper, with abstract, introduction,
\nmethods, results, discussion, acknowledgements, and literature cited sections.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

AUDIENCE:  <\/span>The \u201caudience\u201d for your paper is a beginning
\nbiology student who has taken General Biology I & II but has not yet taken
\nGeneral Ecology (you, before you began this class).  <\/span>Any
\ninformation that you would not expect a typical beginning biology student to
\nknow must be supported by a citation<\/b>– it cannot be assumed to be \u201cgeneral
\nknowledge.\u201d (If in doubt, it is probably best to provide a citation.)  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

PURPOSE:  <\/span>There are several purposes for this
\nassignment.          <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.         <\/span>Interpret the data you collected, based
\nupon your knowledge of ecology.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.         <\/span>Conduct a search of the primary
\nliterature to find research articles related to your research.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.         <\/span>Compare your data to that published in
\nthe primary literature.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.         <\/span>Write a primary research paper for your
\ndata, with abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion,
\nacknowledgements, and literature cited sections.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

FORMAT:  <\/span>A primary research paper explains why you did
\nthe investigation, how you did it, what you found, and whether your findings
\nwere significant and useful.  <\/span>This
\ninformation is explained in the following sections: 1) abstract, 2)
\nintroduction, 3) methods, 4) results, 5) discussion, 6) acknowledgements, and
\n7) literature cited (you
\nneed at least FIVE<\/b> primary sources<\/span>).  <\/span>The expected format is that explained in Hofmann
\npages 87-110.  <\/span>Total length: 7-9 pages
\n(single spaced).<\/span><\/p>\n

1.         <\/span>The
\nabstract, a summary of the paper, is written last.  <\/span>It summarizes important information from the
\nintroduction, methods, results, and discussion sections.  <\/span>It should NOT contain the
\nexact same sentences as found in the body of your paper.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

2.         <\/span>The
\nintroduction contains a) a broad background of the general topic, b) justification
\nof the importance of the research (why did you address this question?), c)
\nbackground information to enable the reader to understand the more specific question
\nbeing investigated, and ends with d) a statement of research objectives\/hypothesis
\nand prediction.  <\/span>The background should also provide the rationale for your hypothesis
\nand prediction<\/b>.  <\/span>There should be at least 3 references<\/span>,<\/b> at least two to the primary
\nliterature in your introduction.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.         <\/span>Methods:  <\/span>This section details how you did your
\ninvestigation.  <\/span>No lists are acceptable \u2013
\neverything must be written in full sentences and paragraphs.  <\/span>It is a report of what you did (not
\ndirections to someone) and needs to be detailed enough so that someone could
\nrepeat your experiment. It needs to include all materials, equipment, and
\nconditions of your experiment.  <\/span>Do not
\ninclude information that is NOT important to the outcome of the experiment
\n(e.g. labeling containers, who did what,\u2026). 
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.         <\/span>
\nResults:  <\/span>This section presents the
\nempirical results of your investigation. 
\n<\/span>Remember that you should not include your raw data \u2013 only summary<\/b> values (there should be nothing
\nthat you would have recorded directly into your lab notebook listed as data in
\nyour paper).  <\/span>You must have at
\nleast one figure summarizing your data.<\/span><\/b>  <\/span>Graphs and tables must contain sufficient
\ninformation to stand alone, including units, labels for each axis, and a table
\nheading or figure caption.  <\/span>The most
\nsignificant data in the graphs and tables is summarized in the text.  <\/span>(Imagine that the figures are displayed on a
\nscreen and that you are explaining them orally, using a pointer.  <\/span>Your written text should transcribe what you
\nwould say orally.)    <\/span>Include the summary
\nstatistics and key information for any statistical test you did (test
\nstatistic, d.f., p value, significance, but do NOT mention critical test
\nstatistic values or the null hypothesis). You must have at least one
\ninferential statistical test in your paper.<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

5.         <\/span>Discussion:  <\/span>This is the main part of the paper, the part
\nthat will be read with the most care by other professionals.  <\/span>Here you a) provide a scientific explanation
\nfor your data, b) compare your data to the broader scientific literature (to
\ndata found by other researchers \u2013 you need at least 3 primary sources<\/span><\/b>
\nto compare your results to).  <\/span>These
\nshould not be all the same ones as used in the introduction.  <\/span>In this part, you should discuss similarities and differences with the other
\nresearch as well as whether your results matched theirs \u2013 this means you
\nhave to summarize their study protocol and results<\/u>!<\/b>, c) evaluate flaws
\nin your research protocol, and d) make recommendations for future
\nresearch.  <\/span>Always start<\/u><\/b> by discussing whether your data supported your
\nhypothesis!!<\/span><\/p>\n

Some questions to ask yourself:<\/span><\/p>\n

–           <\/span>Did
\nyour investigation accomplish the purpose that you explained in your
\nintroduction?  <\/span>Did it answer your
\nquestions?  <\/span>The key to success in the
\ndiscussion section is to link your findings to the questions and problems
\nraised in the introduction.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

–           <\/span>Are
\nyour results useful?  <\/span>Why or why
\nnot?  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

–           <\/span>Did
\nyou discover information that you had not anticipated?  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

–           <\/span>Was
\nyour research design appropriate?  <\/span>Did
\nyour investigation raise new questions? 
\n<\/span>Are there implications from your results that need to be further
\nexplored?  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6.         <\/span>Acknowledgements:  <\/span>A brief section in which you thank those who
\nhelped or provided equipment, supplies, access to field site, etc.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7.         <\/span>Literature Cited:  <\/span>Full citations in \u201cauthor  <\/span>year\u201d\/CME<\/span><\/b> style in Hofmann pgs
\n12-15 are given for all sources cited within the text of the paper.  <\/span>See <\/span>https:\/\/writing.wisc.edu\/Handbook\/DocCSE_NameYear.html<\/b><\/a> but ignore the italics in their
\nexamples and end of checklist.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Modified from Bean, J. C. 1996.
\nEngaging Ideas. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

RESOURCES:<\/span><\/p>\n

1.         <\/span>Writing
\nin the Biological Sciences Biology<\/b> textbook, Hofmann \u2013 Chapters 2 and 6<\/span><\/p>\n

2.         <\/span>The Panzer paper and any other primary
\nresearch paper you use \u2013 they will almost all follow the proper format and use
\nlanguage that is appropriate for a primary research paper  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

DUE
\nDATES:<\/span><\/p>\n

1.         <\/span>Draft (25 pts.)  <\/span>Bring a completed draft copy of your paper to
\nyour reviewer.  <\/span>This will be evaluated
\nusing the checklist below.  <\/span>April 16th<\/sup>  <\/span>in class<\/span><\/p>\n

2.         <\/span>Peer review (5 pts.) Complete the peer
\nreview of your partner\u2019s paper, and discuss your comments.  <\/span>Done in class.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.         <\/span>Re-write. You can review your paper
\nwith Dr. Frankel if you submit a re-write to him no later than noon on Thursday,
\nMay 2nd<\/sup> and make an appointment.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.         <\/span>Final version (50 pts.)  <\/span>Make improvements based on comments received.
\nDUE by 8 pm<\/b> Thursday, May. 9th<\/sup><\/b>. (You can turn it in earlier than
\nthat if you want)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

EVALUATION
\nCRITERIA:<\/span><\/p>\n

1.             
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Draft:  <\/span>The \u201cevaluation criteria for draft\u201d checklist
\n(p. 5-6 of this handout) contains 25 elements. 
\n<\/span>If each is included in your draft, you will receive the full 25
\npoints.  <\/span>One point will be deducted for
\neach missing element.    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.         <\/span>Final version:  <\/span>For the final version, you will be evaluated
\non how well you write the content<\/b> of
\neach element.  <\/span>In addition, grammar,
\nstructure, and style will account for 20% of the grade.  <\/span>The same elements from the draft will be used
\nto evaluate your re-write, but quality
\nof the work will be graded<\/b> (not just presence or absence).    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

ADDITIONAL
\nINFORMATION:<\/span><\/p>\n

1.         <\/span>Feel free to discuss your data with
\nyour labmates or with anyone in the class. 
\n<\/span>However<\/b>, when it comes time
\nto write, you must do the writing on your own. 
\n<\/span>Plagiarism is a very serious offense. 
\n<\/span>If even one sentence or long phrase is copied, whether the source is your
\ntextbook, the internet, another student, or any other source, you are
\ncommitting plagiarism.  <\/span>(If a copied
\nsentence or phrase is in quotes, then it\u2019s not plagiarism.  <\/span>However, quotations are rarely used in
\nscientific papers and are not to be used in your paper.)  <\/span>If you have questions about what constitutes
\nplagiarism- ask!  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.         <\/span>A certain way to avoid plagiarism is to
\nalways write in your own words (paraphrase). 
\n<\/span>However, if you follow the original phrasing too closely, you won\u2019t be
\nparaphrasing, but plagiarizing.  <\/span>Do not
\ncopying the text from the document you are reading even if you plan to go back
\nlater and re-write it in your own words. 
\n<\/span>Instead, paraphrase it when you
\ntake notes<\/b> rather than copying the
\ntext directly from the article<\/b> \u2013 that way you cannot possibly plagiarize it
\nlater.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.         <\/span>Points will be assigned for
\nparticipating in the peer review, if you do not have your draft you will lose
\nthose points.  <\/span>Final papers submitted
\nafter the deadline may receive a zero if the Instructor does not have time to
\ngrade them before the grade submission deadline.  <\/span>At a minimum, they will be penalized 20% for each calendar day late \u2013 No Late Passes<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

4.         <\/span>Please don\u2019t hesitate to visit the
\nwriting tutors or my office hours or to make an appointment outside office
\nhours to discuss your paper during any stage of the writing process, but make
\nsure to do so ahead of the due dates. 
\n<\/span>Students who seek feedback find the writing process to be easier and
\nproduce a much better paper.<\/span><\/p>\n

I have writing a draft that was not well accepted please review each document and let me <\/span><\/p>\n

know if it doesnt make any sense <\/span><\/p>\n

Here is the Budburst data.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Updated with “day of year” field that shows how many days from January 1 the observation was taken.<\/p>\n

Your group needs to go through the data and look at the cities the trees are in.  Pick what you are considering to be urban and which are suburban.  Do not worry about trying to get an exact location for each tree – just put the locations into categories by city.<\/span><\/p>\n

Focusing on genus: acer -maple family <\/p>\n

trying to get 25 data points within a certain time frame.<\/p>\n

then we want to focus on flowers and fruit stages and when they flowered during those times <\/p>\n

Urban areas: <\/p>\n