{"id":22258,"date":"2024-04-21T14:21:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-21T14:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/an-action-research-project-on-using-adaptive-teaching-strategies-for-students-of-mixed-abilities-in-upper-secondary-business-studies-lessons\/"},"modified":"2024-04-21T14:21:15","modified_gmt":"2024-04-21T14:21:15","slug":"an-action-research-project-on-using-adaptive-teaching-strategies-for-students-of-mixed-abilities-in-upper-secondary-business-studies-lessons","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/an-action-research-project-on-using-adaptive-teaching-strategies-for-students-of-mixed-abilities-in-upper-secondary-business-studies-lessons\/","title":{"rendered":"An action research project on using adaptive teaching strategies for students of mixed abilities in upper secondary Business Studies lessons."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 0pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<table style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<colgroup style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<col style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 25px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Introduction<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(+500 words)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Literature search\/review<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(+1250 words)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Methodology and Ethics<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(+750 words)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Data collection (results)<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(+500 words)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Data analysis or discussion<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(+1250 words)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Conclusion<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(+500 words)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Bibliography&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i><br \/><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i><br \/><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>1) Give a brief description of the area on which you are to focus for the study.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Here you can articulate the overall area that will be the focus for this study. You may also wish to briefly outline any first phases you are going to conduct or have conducted already.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">This is an action research project that involves using and improving on a teacher\u2019s adaptive teaching strategies for students of mixed abilities in Business Studies lessons in an upper secondary international school. The UK Department for Education Teacher\u2019s Standard 5 highlights the need for this approach. Specifically, to differentiate appropriately, how to overcome the challenges of all learners in their need for acquiring knowledge and skills, having an awareness of the different abilities of students and how to adapt lessons to meet the needs of all learners within each class (DfE, 2021).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">International school classes have students with a range of literacy and comprehension abilities, as students are a mix of first and second language learners. This requires differentiated learning and individualised attention from teachers to ensure students achieve the learning objectives to the levels in which they are capable. Teachers should obtain an understanding of their students\u2019 current capabilities in meeting the learning objectives and adjust their teaching approach according to that understanding. The approaches to adapting the lesson according to the students\u2019 needs are differentiated instruction and assessment for learning (Maulana, 2023).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Through lesson planning and teaching in Teaching Experience 1, a need for more comprehensive adaptive teaching approaches was evident through observations and feedback from my mentor and head teacher.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">In the initial lessons that follow for this study, formative assessment through observations and checking for understanding questions will be used to determine the abilities of every student. Summative assessment mock exam results from earlier this term will also be used in combination for a detailed assessment of each student. (263 words)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 0pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<table style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<colgroup style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<col style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b><i>2) <\/i><\/b><i style=\"\"><b>Give a brief account of how and why you have concluded that you should concentrate on this area of study.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i style=\"\"><b>How does this link with your own professional practice?&nbsp; How will engaging in this study enhance your professional practice?<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Here you can engage with the background to your study and explain the reasoning behind your choice of topic for this study. You should also consider how this will improve your professional practice as a teacher.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">I decided to concentrate on this area of study as I have noticed that my lessons are usually focused on stronger ability students with those students being the most active in class discussions, asking questions to the teacher, and giving answers to questions posed by the teacher. This leaves the weaker students with less talking time, and me not knowing whether all students have met the learning objective.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Having better theoretical knowledge on adaptive teaching strategies and practice of application will allow me to adapt lessons to work to the abilities of all students in real-time. It will also indirectly allow me to use more formative assessment strategies to gauge the abilities and comprehension of the students. This project will also allow me to give better instructions and stimulus to each learner so that they are able to self-actualise in their learning.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Although the entire class has the same learning objectives, tasks and guidance should be differentiated in levels of difficulty and in degrees of teacher attention to ensure each student is challenged appropriately. There is no one size fits all approach, and strategies should be fluid and adjusted in real time to ensure effective learning for each student.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">This will improve my professionalism as a teacher to ensure that all students are learning to the best of their abilities. (220 words)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 0pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<table style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<colgroup style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<col style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>3) <\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b><i>What is your initial research idea, question or hypothesis?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b><i>Here you should articulate an initial question or hypothesis for your study.&nbsp;<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Research Questions: What adaptive teaching strategies can be used for learners of a lower and higher ability in Business Studies lessons for all students to meet lesson objectives? Will these strategies achieve a better learning environment for all learners? What effect will this have on the overall academic performance of the students?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Hypothesis: Engaging with theoretical adaptive teaching strategies, practising these strategies, gathering data, planning to adjust these strategies, and implementing adjusted strategies will allow each student to learn more effectively and improve the overall academic performance of the class. (90 words)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 0pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<table style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<colgroup style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<col style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>4) <\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b><i>What model(s) and methods do you propose to employ for this study and why?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Here you should engage with the methods that you propose to use to collect data on your study. You can also reiterate any structures or cycles that will take place in your research. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Try to indicate at least your first intended cycle in this section.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Action research involves reflecting on and learning from our own practice with the fundamental aim of improving our own practice as a teacher (McAteer, 2013). It involves taking actions, learning about those actions and learning about the processes involved therein (McNiff, 2016). Reflection and improvement of teaching can only occur if the appropriate data is collected, analysed, and processed with the aim of adapting teaching approaches to meet the needs of all learners for the classes taught.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Qualitative data will be collected through real-time formative assessments and this will be analysed along with quantitative data of summative assessments, allowing for a fuller understanding of student abilities (Pegram, 2022).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">The multiple utilisations of a cyclical model will be used in this action research project as it accommodates for the adjustment of adaptive teaching strategies and for those strategies to be implemented and revised in order to work towards greater teacher effectiveness.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Literature review of methods of data collection will be undertaken, along with readings on adaptive teaching strategies and action research projects. Data will be analysed through triangulation to ensure the action research integrity. (183 words)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 0pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<table style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<colgroup style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<col style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>5) In addition to the learning outcomes already stated for this module, what other learning outcomes will the study enable you to meet? <\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>You should propose at least one additional learning outcome.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>This is a learning outcome for YOU, not for your pupils, so you may consider beginning it with something like: \u201cBy the end of this module I will have a critical understanding of\u2026\u2026.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>Additional learning outcome(s):<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">By the end of this module, I will have a critical understanding of how to gather data in real-time through formative assessments and combine this qualitative data with quantitative data from summative assessments to be able to accurately assess the learning abilities of students in my classes. I will have an in-depth theoretical knowledge of adaptive teaching strategies for students of lower-achieving and higher-achieving abilities, and know how to adapt these strategies to be a more effective teacher. (78 words)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 0pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<table style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<colgroup style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<col style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>6) Additional information:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b><i>Here you should include any additional information of which you feel that your tutor should be aware.&nbsp; For example, any ethical considerations which may impinge on your work or any particular constraints which may affect your study.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Students will not be interviewed individually. Formative assessments will be done during class time. Students are able to give their feedback after a class discussion. I will then write this feedback onto a sticky note on the board with different categories such as \u201cWhat went well in this lesson?\u201d and&nbsp; \u201cWhat can be improved on for future lessons?\u201d.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">This ensures that students\u2019 learning is not disrupted by this project and that students are not pressured to give feedback individually. (79 words)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 0pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<table style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<colgroup style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<col style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i>7) References:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Here, you should include some indicative academic texts relating to the actual topic of your study with a <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">brief<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"> annotation showing how they will be useful for your work.&nbsp; Please remember that we are looking for \u201cAcademic texts\/references\u201d Newspaper\/magazine articles, whilst useful as a starting point, should not be used as a basis for academic discussion or evaluation<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Please note: References <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">are not<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"> included in the overall word count. Annotations <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">are<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"> included.<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0pt 5.75pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Education, D. for (2021) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Teachers\u2019 standards<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">GOV.UK<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/teachers-standards (Accessed: 08 February 2024).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Maulana, Ridwan., Helms-Lorenz, Michelle. and Klassen, R.M. (eds) (2023) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Effective Teaching Around the World Theoretical, Empirical, Methodological and Practical Insights<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. 1st ed. 2023. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-31678-4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">McAteer, M. (2013) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Action research in education<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. Los Angeles, California: SAGE Publications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">McNiff, Jean. (2016) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">You and your action research project<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. Fourth edition. London\u202f; Routledge. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315693620.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Pegram, J. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">et al.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"> (2022) \u201cAssessing the range and evidence\u2010base of interventions in a cluster of schools,\u201d <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Review of education (Oxford)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">, 10(1). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rev3.3336.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Bell J. (2018)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Doing Your Research Project<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(7th edition). Berkshire: Open University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Brockbank, A. and McGill, I. (2007)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Facilitating reflective learning in higher education (2nd edition).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Society for Research into Higher Education. Open University Press, Berkshire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Cohen, L., Manion, L. &amp; Morrison, K. (2018)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Research Methods in Education (8 thedition). London: Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Elliott, J. and Place, M. (2012) Children in difficulty: a guide to understanding and helping (3 rd edition). London: Routledge<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Gray, D. (2022) Doing Research in the Real World (5th edition). Los Angeles: Sage<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Action research in education<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">McAteer, M, British Educational Research Association (2013)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Action research in education<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. London: SAGE publications<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">McNiff, J. (2016) You and your action research project (4th edition). London: Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Mertler, C. (2013) Action research: improving schools and empowering educators (4th<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">edition). Los Angeles: SAGE publications<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt -670pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Scott, D. and Usher, R. (2011) Researching Education: data, methods, and theory in educational enquiry(2nd edition). London: Continuum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 36pt; line-height: 1.2; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction&nbsp;(+500 words) Literature search\/review&nbsp;(+1250 words) Methodology and Ethics&nbsp;(+750 words) Data collection (results)&nbsp;(+500 words) Data analysis or discussion&nbsp;(+1250 words) Conclusion&nbsp;(+500 words) Bibliography&nbsp; 1) Give a brief description of the area on which you are to focus for the study. Here you can articulate the overall area that will be the focus for this study. 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