A good paper has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. The introduction explains why the
\ntopic of the paper is of interest and indicates what questions the paper will examine. The body of
\nthe paper should draw on evidence from published scholarly sources of information about your
\ntopic and presents such evidence in an analytical and systematic fashion, answering the questions
\nposed in the introduction. The conclusion summarizes the findings of the paper and may also
\ninclude some generalizations about the broader significance of these findings. Do not submit a
\nsimple narrative of the events described in your sources. <\/p>\n
The essay should present an argument, supported by proper evidence. For this reason, you should
\nconsult at least FOUR sources, books and\/or articles. The basic principle of writing analytical
\nessays is to use good source material, that is, SCHOLARLY SOURCE MATERIAL, to get the
\ninformation you need in order to write about the topic in your own words.
\nGenerally speaking, textbooks and encyclopaedias are NOT ideal source material for research
\npapers as they are too general in nature. Textbooks and encyclopaedias can be helpful by
\nproviding convenient access to general background information, but they must NOT be used and
\ncited as sources for analytical essays.<\/p>\n
ATTENTION! Wikipedia, in spite of its soaring popularity, is NOT appropriate source material
\nand should NEVER be cited for history papers, or papers of any other disciplines for that matter.
\nWeb surfing is becoming quite popular among some people as a way to do research online. So
\nfar as this course and this writing assignment are concerned, NO INTERNET OR WEB\u0002BASED SOURCES ARE ALLOWED, with the only exceptions of the licensed databases that
\nthe Okanagan College Library, for academic purposes, has subscribed to such as Historical
\nAbstracts, America: History and Life, and JSTOR. If you are not certain if a particular
\nwebsite can be used as a source, please ask our friendly library staff for help and clarification on
\nthis matter.
\nHistorical Abstracts provides citation information and abstracts for articles from over 2,000
\njournals, plus books and dissertations, published since 1954, on all aspects of world history from
\n1450 to present (excluding Canada and the United States). Publications are in over 50 languages;
\narticle titles and abstracts are included in English translation.
\nAmerica: History and Life covers the history of Canada and the United States from pre-history
\nto the present. It indexes about 2,000 journals, and in addition to the principle English language
\nsources in the field, it includes some (about 10%) in other languages, as well as some state and
\nlocal history journals. All aspects of historical inquiry are represented: diplomatic, ecclesiastical,
\nagricultural, cultural, economic, political, military and others. The index also provides citations
\nto book and media reviews from about 100 journals and references to abstracts of dissertations in
\nthe field. All abstracts are in English.<\/p>\n
JSTOR is a digital archive collection of scholarly journals. It is unique in that complete archives
\nof these journals have been digitized, starting with the very first issues. Accessible to academic
\nlibraries, the Okanagan College Library included, the JSTOR archive combines high-resolution
\npage images for display and printing with a linked text file for full-text searches of major
\nscholarly journals. Staff and students affiliated with participating institutions, such as Okanagan
\nCollege, can search, view, and print JSTOR journal articles using personal computers at any time
\nand from any location.
\nOnce you have all the sources you need, be sure to cite the sources in footnotes or endnotes. You
\ncan put the notes either at the bottom of the page as footnotes or at the end of the paper as
\nendnotes, depending on personal preferences. The basic rule for footnoting is this: all quotations,
\nparaphrases, statistics, interpretations, and significant phrases taken from books and articles must
\nbe cited in footnotes. On the other hand, common knowledge in the form of obvious facts on
\nwhich all authors would agree do not have to be footnoted.
\nThe first time you refer to any book or article, give the author, complete title, and other
\npublication data. Do not repeat the full publication data over and over again each time you refer
\nto the same source. After the first time, simply give the author\u2019s last name, a short version of the
\ntitle, and the page number. If the footnote refers to the source cited in the immediately preceding
\nfootnote, write ibid. and give the page number. Ibid is short for ibidem, which means, in Latin,
\n\u201cin the same book, chapter, etc\u201d previously quoted.
\nExamples of footnoting in the style of the Chicago Style guide are available in the Okanagan
\nCollege Library and on the Library website.
\nAll papers must include footnotes and a bibliography listing all the sources you use. Failure to
\nproperly document sources may constitute PLAGIARISM, and handing in a paper with no
\nfootnotes can also be considered plagiarism, that is, taking and using somebody else\u2019s ideas,
\nwords, etc as your own. Plagiarism is academic dishonesty which carries a hefty penalty at this
\nand all other post-secondary institutions across North America.
\nLast but not least, the essay should be written in proper English and be attentive to matters of
\nstyle, grammar, spelling, and overall clarity of expression. Grammar, spelling, and style will
\ncount significantly in the instructor\u2019s evaluation of your paper. A good essay is not a first draft.
\nAlways proofread your paper carefully before submitting it.<\/p>\n
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