{"id":19397,"date":"2024-04-04T10:51:10","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T10:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/edexcel-alevel-geography-2018-paper-2-question-3-c-for-your-local-place-sherborne-and-your-contrasting-place-boscombe-evaluate-the-view-that-low-income-is-the-most-important-factor-of-depriva\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T10:51:10","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T10:51:10","slug":"edexcel-alevel-geography-2018-paper-2-question-3-c-for-your-local-place-sherborne-and-your-contrasting-place-boscombe-evaluate-the-view-that-low-income-is-the-most-important-factor-of-depriva","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/questions\/edexcel-alevel-geography-2018-paper-2-question-3-c-for-your-local-place-sherborne-and-your-contrasting-place-boscombe-evaluate-the-view-that-low-income-is-the-most-important-factor-of-depriva\/","title":{"rendered":"edexcel alevel geography 2018 paper 2 question – 3 (c) For your local place (sherborne) and your contrasting place (boscombe), evaluate the view that low income is the most important factor of deprivation. (20 marks)"},"content":{"rendered":"

use this markscheme <\/p>\n

Indicative content guidance
\nThe indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required
\nto include all of it. Other relevant material not suggested below must also be
\ncredited.
\nCandidates are required to study their local place and a contrasting place, which
\nmay be in the UK, or elsewhere. Answers which do not make detailed reference
\nto these places are likely to be self-penalising. Large areas lacking a local context
\n(e.g. London\/Ethiopia) are likely to lack the \u2018relevance and accuracy\u2019 required for
\nLevel 3 as generalisations will be inevitable. Answers should be marked on their
\nmerits (a \u2018London\u2019 answer may build to a more localised discussion).
\nAnswers should focus on deprivation in the two places, and evaluate the
\ncontribution low income makes in each location.
\nRelevant points may include:
\nAO1
\n\uf0b7 Deprivation can include economic, social, and environmental criteria.
\n\uf0b7 There are differences in economic activity, which are reflected through
\nvariation in social factors.
\n\uf0b7 An in-depth study of the local place and a contrasting place provide the
\ncontext for how and why places vary.
\n\uf0b7 In some regions, economic restructuring has triggered a spiral of decline
\nwith increasing levels of deprivation.
\nAO2
\n\uf0b7 Deprivation is likely to be discussed through the \u2018lack of access\u2019 or \u2018living
\nwithout\u2019 specific economic, social and other variables. Good answers may
\nconsider the 7 domains of IMD (Index of Multiple Deprivation)
\n\uf0b7 Low income should be evaluated as a key reason for deprivation
\n\uf0b7 Other factors should also be considered such as:
\n\uf0b7 Sector and type of employment opportunities, and changes over time.
\n\uf0b7 Government decisions e.g. privatise industry in the past \/ invest in flagship
\nregeneration\/ provide benefits\/subsidise start-ups\/improve infrastructure
\n\uf0b7 TNC decisions to relocate\/invest in an area
\n\uf0b7 Levels and quality of education available locally and elsewhere
\n\uf0b7 Location: proximity to market\/Europe or isolated, or access to physical
\nresources and infrastructure providing connections to other places.
\n\uf0b7 Tradition e.g. migration seen as route to opportunity
\nEvaluation should explore the extent to which there is a direct link between
\ndeprivation and low income for either or both chosen places. For example:
\n\uf0b7 Low income can be seen as part of a cycle of deprivation seen through poor
\neducational achievement, housing, health and for some, crime.
\n\uf0b7 A successful area that undergoes economic growth may not benefit
\neverybody equally.
\n\uf0b7 Wealth and poverty may be found in close proximity, for complex reasons.
\n\uf0b7 Economic loss is likely to be followed by declines in social\/environmental
\ncriteria
\n\uf0b7 Community \u201cgrass roots\u201d projects may help reduce deprivation, and be
\ncrucial where government help is limited.
\nOverall, evaluation is likely to compare the role of income in influencing levels of
\ndeprivation in the places alongside other factors. <\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
use 2021 census data – boscombe and sherborne<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
and these notes<\/div>\n
https:\/\/quizlet.com\/gb\/881703215\/regeneration-flash-cards\/ <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
these may be of use too<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

3
\n(c) For your local place and your contrasting place, evaluate the view that low
\nincome is the most important factor of deprivation. (20 marks)<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Sherborne  vs Boscombe<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Answers
\nshould focus on economic and social deprivation in the two places, and discuss
\nthe links between these and evaluate which are the more important
\nreasons. <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Intro
\n= <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Deprivation
\nrefers to the lack of basic services or objects expected in the 21st Century.
\nThe two types of deprivation are economic deprivation which includes income,
\nand employment and Social deprivation which includes health, crime, as well as
\nthe quality of the living environment such as the presence of abandoned and
\nderelict land. Variation in the level of deprivation of places may be
\nconsidered through economic and social variables and other factors such
\nas. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Social
\ndeprivation is composed of two fundamental elements,  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

in
\nboscombe is high.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

Economic
\ndeprivation is composed of two fundamental elements, income and employment.
\nEmployment is important in creating a healthy local economy. There should be
\nworkers in all sectors of the economy and low unemployment in order to maximise
\nthe positive multiplier effect <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

However
\nincome is arguably the most significant factor in determining deprivation. This
\nis evident through the interrelationships between income and social factors\/
\noverall quality of life. For example, Low income may lead to deprivation in
\neducation, health, environment and crime. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

This
\ncan be seen as part of a \u201ccircle of deprivation\u201d, such as that in Boscombe,
\nwhich follows from low incomes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n



\n

\n<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • A
    \n lower income is commonly associated with a lower standard or at least
    \n level of education. However, if your parents or guardians earn less, your
    \n own aspirations and attendance in school may be less, or parents may not
    \n care as much about their child’s education.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
    • Poor
      \n quality housing is likely in less well-off areas like Boscombe and the
      \n houses of multiple occupancy, as incomes are lower. However, higher income
      \n areas such as sherborne often begin to exclude high barriers to housing
      \n which influences social factors. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n



      \n

      \n<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Health
        \n and quality of life (e.g. life expectancy) may be lower.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n



        \n

        \n

        \n<\/span><\/p>\n

        Lower
        \nincomes are likely to lead to major differences in opportunity for children and
        \nyoung people.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n



        \n

        \n

        \n<\/span><\/p>\n

        Other
        \n= <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        In
        \nconclusion, There are many interrelationships between economic and social
        \nfactors. For example without a strong income life is shit\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n



        \n

        \n<\/span><\/p>\n

        Sector
        \nand type of employment<\/span><\/b>
        \nopportunities, and how these have changed.  Location (e.g. coastal,
        \nproximity to market\/Europe), <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        physical
        \nresources and infrastructure providing connections to other places. 
        \nGovernment,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         business
        \nor international investment or influences. Recession and cuts may reduce
        \nthis.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Levels
        \nof education and tradition (e.g. migration seen as route to opportunity). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n



        \n

        \n<\/span><\/p>\n

        Social
        \ndeprivation <\/span><\/b>follows
        \non from economic deprivation because:  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        Low
        \nincome may lead to deprivation in education, health and crime. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        This
        \ncan be seen as part of a \u201ccircle of deprivation\u201d, which follows from low
        \nincomes, and can become intergenerational.  Poor quality housing is likely
        \nin a less well-off area as incomes are lower. Health and quality of life (e.g.
        \nlife expectancy) may be lower.  Lower incomes are likely to lead to major
        \ndifferences in opportunity for children and young people.  Social
        \ndeprivation can result from economic decline, so a successful area that
        \nundergoes economic change is likely to be followed by social decline<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        In
        \nregions like Boscombe economic restructuring has triggered a spiral of decline
        \nwith increasing levels of social deprivation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        There
        \nare differences in economic activity, which are reflected through variation in
        \nsocial factors.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        An
        \nin-depth study of the local place and a contrasting place provide the context
        \nfor how and why places vary.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        One
        \nfactor of economic deprivation is low income.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        Boscombes
        \nspiral of decline was due to seaside decline <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        P1
        \n= low income  <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

        –
        \nmore boscombe than sherb <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        P2
        \n= access to education <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

        –
        \ngood – 3 private schools in the area – boys school lots of connections – alan
        \nturing – qatar <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        In
        \nsherborne 84.6% of the population have some sort of qualification, whereas in
        \nboscombe only 81.2% of the population have some sort of qualification.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        P3
        \n= high unemployment <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        Sherb
        \n= 44.9% employed<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

        Boscombe
        \n= 60.3% employed<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span><\/p>\n

        P4
        \n= living environment  – <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • barriers to housing and services – house prices are high  (25%
          \n above because of the schools – attracts wealthier people – harder for
          \n young people to get on the housing ladder – forced out of area – less
          \n growth for the economy – less workers – rural to urban migration – also
          \n accelerated by the fact there is little to do for young people<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
        • Lots old people\/ homogeneous population become co-hesive – harder
          \n for minorities<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
        • Lots of rich people – mean co-hesive – worsens inequality for
          \n example protest against tesco (a more affordable shop) <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
        • Health and deprivation  – lots of old people – puts strain on
          \n services<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
        • The services are poor such as transport due to it being a rural
          \n town<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Conc
          \n= <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

          Sherborne is located in North of Dorset in South west
          \nEngland. Boscombe is located in the county of Wiltshire south west England<\/span>

          \n

          \nSherborne population- 10400 (2021)<\/span><\/span>

          \nboscombe population- 10600<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          AO1  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          Deprivation
          \ncan include all or any of the following themes: economic deprivation includes
          \nincome, and employment. Social deprivation includes health, crime, as well as
          \nthe quality of the living environment, and the presence of abandoned and
          \nderelict land.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Variation
          \nin the level of deprivation of places may be considered through economic and
          \nsocial variables and their interrelationships, as well as other factors such as
          \ngovernment investment and infrastructure which determine the function of the
          \nplace and therefore differing levels of place attachment and migration trends.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Economic
          \ndeprivation, reasons include:  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Sector
          \nand type of employment opportunities, and how these have changed.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Location
          \n(e.g. coastal, proximity to market\/Europe), physical resources and
          \ninfrastructure providing connections to other places.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Government,
          \nbusiness or international investment or influences. Recession and cuts may
          \nreduce this.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Levels
          \nof education and tradition (e.g. migration seen as route to opportunity). <\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

           <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          There
          \nare differences in economic activity, which are reflected through variations in
          \nsocial factors. In regions such as Boscombe economic restructuring has
          \ntriggered a spiral of decline with increasing levels of social
          \ndeprivation. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Social
          \ndeprivation follows on from economic deprivation because:  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Low
          \nincome may lead to deprivation in education, health and crime. This can be seen
          \nas part of a \u201ccircle of deprivation\u201d, which follows from low incomes, and can
          \nbecome intergenerational.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Poor
          \nquality housing is likely in a less well-off area such as Boscombe where incomes
          \nare lower with only 14.9% in professional work compared to Sherborne where 20.5%
          \nof work is at the professional level despite Boscombe having a greater % of the
          \npopulation aged 16-64 who are typically economically active. In Boscombe over
          \n70% of residences are aged 16-64 compared to just over 50% in Sherborne however
          \nonly 82% of these are employed whereas in Sherborne 86%  <\/span>in this age bracket are employed<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Sherborne
          \n<\/span>wealthier more professional jobs there and more of an elderly population
          \nso payed off mortgages. poor health of elderly<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Boscombe diverse community, more ethnically mixed, younger
          \npopulation, single occupancy homes, less households not deprived. deprivation
          \nis a significant issue despite younger population there is poor health<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Boscombe boom to bust <\/span><\/p>\n

          -thrived with the growth of the seaside holiday in 20th
          \ncentury<\/span>

          \n

          \n-between the wars it was one of Bournemouths
          \nwealthiest areas<\/span><\/span>

          \n

          \n-in 1970s 80s there was a decline in traditional
          \nseaside holidays. the areas saw a rise in social problems drug and alcohol
          \ndependency above national average<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Regional factors affecting boscombes decline<\/span><\/p>\n

          1974 government reorganisation- didn’t receive enough funding
          \ndue to reorganisation of local authorities to make boscombe part of the
          \nbournemouth unitary authority which led to conflicting demands for available
          \nrevenue<\/span>

          \n

          \n-centre for drug treatment and addiction.
          \nproperties became cheap<\/span><\/span>

          \n

          \n-guest houses turned into houses of multiple
          \noccupancy- bringing in lots of people who aren’t earning money and addicted to
          \ndrugs creating a cycle of decline as people no longer want to visit on holiday<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          National factors affecting boscombes decline<\/span><\/p>\n

          -changing perceptions- no longer wanting to go on holiday or
          \nlive there<\/span>

          \n

          \n-growth of package holiday companies eg TUI which
          \nmakes it cheaper to go abroad. growth of low cost air travel eg easy jet so
          \ndecline in tourism and therefore a reduction in revenue<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          International factors affecting boscombes decline<\/span><\/p>\n

          globalisation- travel is easier, more people know about
          \ndifferent place so tourism abroad instead of in Boscombe<\/span>

          \n

          \n-deindustrialisation<\/span><\/span>

          \n

          \n-growth of more international tourist markets<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Moreover,
          \n<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          .
          \nHealth and quality of life (e.g. life expectancy) may be lower. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           Lower
          \nincomes are likely to lead to major differences in opportunity for children and
          \nyoung people.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Social
          \ndeprivation can result from economic decline, so a successful area that
          \nundergoes economic change is likely to be followed by social decline. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          Evaluation
          \nshould explore whether there is direct \u201ccontrol\u201d between economic and social
          \ndeprivation for either or both of the chosen places. Most are likely to agree
          \nthat this is the <\/span><\/p>\n

          case. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

           <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Other
          \nfactors that might be considered are:  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Government
          \ninvestment in interventions like Free School Meals, London Challenge, youth
          \ngroups drug rehabilitation and support for young mothers can challenge social
          \ndeprivation.  And Infrastructure which determines the function of the
          \nplace \u2013 <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          which
          \ndetermine the function of the place and therefore differing levels of place
          \nattachment and migration trends.<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

           <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/span><\/p>\n

          Overall,
          \nevaluation is likely to stress the crucial role of the economic strength and
          \nresilience of the places, and the extent to which government intervention has
          \nhelped or ignored the needs. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          use this markscheme  Indicative content guidance The indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required to include all of it. Other relevant material not suggested below must also be credited. Candidates are required to study their local place and a contrasting place, which may be in the UK, or elsewhere. Answers which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[59],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/19397"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/19397\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=19397"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=19397"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.writemyessays.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=19397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}