This is a final research paper for a college-level environmental justice course (AMS 311S) that analyzes how grassroots activism in Flint, Michigan, challenged environmental racism during the water crisis. The paper should be 6–8 pages, about 2,000 words, and written in Chicago Manual of Style with full footnotes (no parenthetical citations). You should include at least four peer-reviewed academic sources and one assigned course reading. I’ve provided most of the peer-reviewed sources already (see document titled “Final Research Paper Analysis”), but you’ll need to locate one additional relevant scholarly source to meet the total requirement. The paper should also reference the in-class reading “Toxic Discourse” by Lawrence Buell (provided as a PDF) as the required course source.
Your thesis should center on how Flint residents used coalition-building, citizen science, and organizing to resist environmental racism and institutional neglect. The introduction and conclusion should be strong, and the paper should rely on direct, concise quotations and original analysis, not long block quotes.