approach to enhancing the delivery of a global health priority intervention through routine health services in a specific country

February 9, 2025February 9, 2025 Discipline: Healthcare

Based on the readings and case studies on the different health systems building blocks, you will prepare an (up to) 8 minute video presentation (recorded as an mp4 or you tube video) that creatively and critically presents your approach to enhancing the delivery of a global health priority intervention through routine health services in a specific country.

Preparing this task will involve sourcing of appropriate literature and images used in the presentation and developing what will be spoken in coordination with the slides presented.

Please utilise slides that are more visual with fewer words (especially use tables, graphs and charts when presenting data).

Pick one of the scenarios presented below, and then choose a country that fits this description (whose health system has not been discussed in class). : In this case – South Sudan

Post-conflict, African nation, with fragmented public health provision, and significant inputs from national and international NGO actors. – In this case

Step 2:

Collect data from the literature in weeks 1-5 to include in your presentation. You should cite any literature used on relevant individual slides and in your list of references on the final slide.

Step 3:

Make sure your presentation includes each of the following:

  1. Identify the main (top 3 or 4) health challenges in the chosen country.
  2. State the main problems/Issues of the health system that affect its ability to address the health challenges of the country and provide details of the population that may be most affected by this.
  3. Explain the Relevant features of the context of this health issue (for example, political, social, economic, and demographic-including conflict, resource, geographic and other factors that may present challenges).
  4. Provide a Brief description of your service delivery (WHO Building Blocks) strategy OR model you would use to address this particular situation and healthcare system. In your answer, Please be sure to include the following here:
    1. In what particular setting(s) will the service delivery take place?
    2. What are the components of the service being delivered?
    3. Who (exactly) will deliver the service? (consider multiple actors who may be involved at different levels)
  5. Description of how at least two other WHO Building Blocks) of the health system (For example, financing, governance, human resources for health, etc.) contribute to the challenges faced by the health system in this country and that will be addressed by your approach. Please include in your explanation:
    1. The financing mechanisms for delivering this service?
    2. Who are the key actors involved?
    3. What are the approaches to good governance to be taken into account?
    4. What are mechanisms to ensure your service is of high quality and patient-centred?
    5. Describe how the different health system functions will work together to address the problem.

6. Conclusions: Identify the key policies needed to make sure your strategy is introduced, designed, and implemented.

This is much information to fit into 8 minutes, so please answer each question completely but concisely.

In undertaking this assignment, AI tools cannot be used for any element of the work.

Health Systems and Policy rubricHealth Systems and Policy rubricrecommended literature from module :

Read the following early in the week to help you respond to the discussion questions and to complete your assignment(s).

Required readings:

  1. World Health Organization. (2000). Chapter 1. Why do health systems matter. The World health report, 1-17. Geneva: World Health Organisation. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/42281/WHR_2000-eng.pdfLinks to an external site. (WO1)
  2. McCoy, D., & Allotey, P. (2021). An Introduction to Health Systems. In J. Martins, I. Pathmanathan, D. Tan, S. Lim, & P. Allotey (Eds.), Systems Thinking Analyses for Health Policy and Systems Development: A Malaysian Case Study (pp. 3-16). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108954846.004Links to an external site. (WO1)
  3. World Health Organization. (‎2007)‎. Everybody’s business — strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes : WHO’s framework for action. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43918Links to an external site. (WO2)
  4. Hanson, K., Shroff, Z. C., & Marten, R. (2022). Chapter 2: Health systems frameworks and their limitations. In Shroff, Z. C., Marten, R., & Hanson, K. (Eds). Systems for health: everyone has a role: flagship report of the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research. Flagship report of the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Licence: CC BYNC-SA 3.0 IGO. (WO2Links to an external site.)

Recommended readings:

  1. Van Olmen, J., Marchal, B., Van Damme, W., Kegels, G., & Hill, P. S. (2012). Health systems frameworks in their political context: framing divergent agendas. BMC Public Health, 12, 1-13. (WO2)Links to an external site.
  2. De Savigny, D., & Adam, T. (Eds.). (2009). Systems thinking for health systems strengthening. World Health Organization. (WO1)Links to an external site.
  1. UK’s healthcare system under ‘intolerable’ pressureLinks to an external site. (Al Jazeera English, 2023. https://youtu.be/_BN2ULrjKp8Links to an external site.
  2. South Africa’s healthcare system threatened by coronavirus crisisLinks to an external site. (Al Jazeera English, 2020. https://youtu.be/vr69KLA_AgsLinks to an external site.)
  3. Nigeria’s medical brain drain: Healthcare woes as doctors fleeLinks to an external site. (Al Jazeera English, 2022. https://youtu.be/bfT6ysPLGmULinks to an external site.)
  4. Lebanon healthcare crisis: International assistance neededLinks to an external site. (Al Jazeera English, 2022. https://youtu.be/HfIGUATSpU8Links to an external site.)
  5. Required readings:
    1. World Health Organization. (2008). Primary care: putting people first. The World Health Report – Primary Health Care Now More Than Ever, 42-62.
    2. Mounier-Jack, S., Mayhew, S. H., & Mays, N. (2017). Integrated care: learning between high-income, and low-and middle-income country health systems. Health policy and planning, 32(suppl_4), iv6-iv12.
    3. Sheikh, Kabir & George, Asha & Gilson, Lucy. (2014). People-centred science: Strengthening the practice of health policy and systems research. Health research policy and systems 12. 19. 10.1186/1478-4505-12-19.
    4. Mirzoev, T., & Kane, S. (2017). What is health systems responsiveness? Review of existing knowledge and proposed conceptual framework. BMJ Global Health, 2(4), e000486.

    Recommended readings:

    1. Young N, Achieng F, Desai M, et al. Integrated point-of-care testing (POCT) for HIV, syphilis, malaria and anaemia at antenatal facilities in western Kenya: a qualitative study exploring end-users’ perspectives of appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):74. Published 2019 Jan 28. doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3844-9
    2. Ku GM, Kegels G. Integrating chronic care with primary care activities: enriching healthcare staff knowledge and skills and improving glycemic control of a cohort of people with diabetes through the First Line Diabetes Care Project in the Philippines. Glob Health Action. 2014;7:25286. Published 2014 Oct 21. doi:10.3402/gha.v7.25286
    3. Fitzpatrick SJ, Perkins D, Handley T, Brown D, Luland T, Corvan E. Coordinating Mental and Physical Health Care in Rural Australia: An Integrated Model for Primary Care Settings. International Journal of Integrated Care. 2018;18(2):19. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3943Links to an external site.
    4. Lince-Deroche N, Leuner R, Kgowedi S, Moolla A, Madlala S, Manganye P, et al. (2020) Voices from the front lines: A qualitative study of integration of HIV, tuberculosis, and primary healthcare services in Johannesburg, South Africa. PLoS ONE 15(10): e0230849. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0230849

    Required readings:

    1. WHO (2006), World Health Report – Working together for health. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WO 1)
    2. Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, et al (2022), The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: a threat to equity and ‘universal’ health coverage? BMJ Global Health; 7:e009316. (WO 1)
    3. Sousa A, Scheffler RM, Nyoni J, Boerma T. (2013), A comprehensive health labour market framework for universal health coverage. Bull World Health Organ. 91(11):892-4. doi: 10.2471/BLT.13.118927. (WO 2)
    4. Campbell J, Buchan J, Cometto G, David B, Dussault G, Fogstad H, Fronteira I, Lozano R, Nyonator F, Pablos-Méndez A, Quain EE, Starrs A, Tangcharoensathien V. (2013) Human resources for health and universal health coverage: fostering equity and effective coverage. Bull World Health Organ.;91(11):853-63. (WO 1)
    5. Ozawa, S., Shankar, R., Leopold, C., & Orubu, S. (2019). Access to medicines through health systems in low-and middle-income countries. Health Policy and Planning, 34(Supplement_3), iii1-iii3. (WO 3)
    6. World Health Organization. (‎2010)‎. Medical devices: managing the mismatch: an outcome of the priority medical devices project. World Health Organization. (WO 3)

    Recommended readings:

    1. WHO (2016), Global strategy on human resources for health: Workforce 2030. Geneva: World Health Organisation. (WO 1)
    2. High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth (2016), Working for health and growth: investing in the health workforce. Geneva: World Health Organisation. (WO 1)
    3. WHO, Health Labour Market Analysis resources (WO 2)
    4. Caffrey M, Tancred T, Falkenbach M, Raven J (2023), What can intersectoral governance do to strengthen the health and care workforce? Structures and mechanisms to improve the education, employment and retention of health and care workers. Geneva: WHO, Health Systems and Policy Analysis Brief 53 (WO 1)
    5. WHO (2021), WHO guideline on health workforce development, attraction, recruitment and retention in rural and remote areas. Geneva: World Health Organization (WO 1)
    6. WHO (2010), User’s Guide to the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WO 1)

    Required readings:

    1. WHO (2010), World Health Report 2010 – Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organisation https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564021Links to an external site. (WO 1 & 2)
    2. McKenna H, Dunn P, Northern E, Buckley T (2017), How health care is funded. London: The King’s Fund. https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/how-health-care-is-fundedLinks to an external site. (WO 1)
    3. McIntyre D, Kutzin J (2016), Health financing country diagnostic: a foundation for national strategy development. Geneva: World Health Organisation, Health Financing Guidance No. 1 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241510110Links to an external site. (WO 1)
    4. Kutzin J (2012), Anything goes on the path to universal health coverage? No. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90:867-868 (WO 2)
    5. Chapter 4, section 2 – Strategic interventions (pages 21-33), in: Kutzin J., Witter S., Jowett M., Bayarsaikhan D. (2017) Developing a national health financing strategy: a reference guide. Geneva: World Health Organization – https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241512107Links to an external site. (WO 2)
    6. How the NHS is fundedLinks to an external site. (WO 1)
    7. How funding flows in the NHSLinks to an external site. (or you can watch this: How does funding flow through the health serviceLinks to an external site.) (WO 1)
    8. Smith P (‎2008)‎ Resource allocation and purchasing in the health sector: the English experience. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86 (‎11)‎, 884 – 888 http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.049528Links to an external site. (WO 1 & 2)
    9. WHO (nd) Free health care policies. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/free-health-care-policiesLinks to an external site. (WO 1 & 2)
    10. Witter S, Brikci N, Harris T, Williams R, Keen S, Mujica A, Jones A, Murray-Zmijewski A, Bale B, Leigh B, Renner A (2018), The free healthcare initiative in Sierra Leone: Evaluating a health system reform, 2010‐2015. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33, 2 – https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hpm.2484Links to an external site. (WO 1 & 2)

    Recommended readings:

    1. NHS England (2023) Fair Shares: a guide to NHS allocations. Allocations infographics v3, Updated for ICB resource allocations 2023/24 – https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Infographics-v3.1-2023-24.pdfLinks to an external site. (WO 2)
    2. Mathauer I, Mathivet B, Kutzin J (‎2017)‎ Free health care policies: opportunities and risks for moving towards UHC. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/255588Links to an external site. (WO 2)
    3. Meessen B, Hercot D, Noirhomme M, Ridde V, Tibouti A, Kirunga Tashobya C, Gilson L (2011), Removing user fees in the health sector: a review of policy processes in six sub-Saharan African countries. Health Policy and Planning, 26:ii16–ii29 – https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/26/suppl_2/ii16/641431Links to an external site. (WO 2)

    Read the following early in the week to help you respond to the discussion questions and to complete your assignment(s). Required readings:

    1. WHO (2010), World Health Report 2010 – Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organisation https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564021Links to an external site. (WO 1 & 2)
    2. McKenna H, Dunn P, Northern E, Buckley T (2017), How health care is funded. London: The King’s Fund. https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/how-health-care-is-fundedLinks to an external site. (WO 1)
    3. McIntyre D, Kutzin J (2016), Health financing country diagnostic: a foundation for national strategy development. Geneva: World Health Organisation, Health Financing Guidance No. 1 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241510110Links to an external site. (WO 1)
    4. Kutzin J (2012), Anything goes on the path to universal health coverage? No. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90:867-868 (WO 2)
    5. Chapter 4, section 2 – Strategic interventions (pages 21-33), in: Kutzin J., Witter S., Jowett M., Bayarsaikhan D. (2017) Developing a national health financing strategy: a reference guide. Geneva: World Health Organization – https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241512107Links to an external site. (WO 2)
    6. How the NHS is fundedLinks to an external site. (WO 1)
    7. How funding flows in the NHSLinks to an external site. (or you can watch this: How does funding flow through the health serviceLinks to an external site.) (WO 1)
    8. Smith P (‎2008)‎ Resource allocation and purchasing in the health sector: the English experience. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86 (‎11)‎, 884 – 888 http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.049528Links to an external site. (WO 1 & 2)
    9. WHO (nd) Free health care policies. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/free-health-care-policiesLinks to an external site. (WO 1 & 2)
    10. Witter S, Brikci N, Harris T, Williams R, Keen S, Mujica A, Jones A, Murray-Zmijewski A, Bale B, Leigh B, Renner A (2018), The free healthcare initiative in Sierra Leone: Evaluating a health system reform, 2010‐2015. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33, 2 – https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hpm.2484Links to an external site. (WO 1 & 2)

    Recommended readings:

    1. NHS England (2023) Fair Shares: a guide to NHS allocations. Allocations infographics v3, Updated for ICB resource allocations 2023/24 – https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Infographics-v3.1-2023-24.pdfLinks to an external site. (WO 2)
    2. Mathauer I, Mathivet B, Kutzin J (‎2017)‎ Free health care policies: opportunities and risks for moving towards UHC. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/255588Links to an external site. (WO 2)
    3. Meessen B, Hercot D, Noirhomme M, Ridde V, Tibouti A, Kirunga Tashobya C, Gilson L (2011), Removing user fees in the health sector: a review of policy processes in six sub-Saharan African countries. Health Policy and Planning, 26:ii16–ii29 – https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/26/suppl_2/ii16/641431Links to an external site. (WO 2)

    Read the following early in the week to help you respond to the discussion questions and to complete your assignment(s). Required readings:

    1. Barbazza, E., & Tello, J. E. (2014). A review of health governance: definitions, dimensions and tools to govern. Health Policy, 116(1), 1-11. – (WO 1)
    2. Greer, S. L., Vasev, N., Jarman, H., Wismar, M., & Figueras, J. (2019). It’s the governance, stupid. TAPIC: A Governance Framework to Strengthen Decision Making and Implementation (Report No.: Policy Brief 33). Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe. – (WO 1,2)
    3. Greer, S., Wismar, M., & Figueras, J. (2015). EBOOK: strengthening health system governance: better policies, stronger performance. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). – (WO 1,2)

    Recommended readings:

    1. Mikkelsen-Lopez, I., Wyss, K., & de Savigny, D. (2011). An approach to addressing governance from a health system framework perspective. BMC international health and human rights, 11(1), 1-11. – (WO 1)

CriteriaRatingsThis criterion is linked to a learning outcomeVisual appeal and layoutColours and use of space
Amount of information presented – are the slides ‘readable’?
Logic and sequencing of information
Limited use of text in the slidesFull marksNo marksThis criterion is linked to a learning outcomeContentTitle of presentation – does this accurately reflect content of the presentation?
Context and background – is this clearly and succinctly presented?
Service delivery goals – are these clearly stated in measurable terms?
Service delivery strategy design
– Addresses key questions of key resource inputs required for delivery of the service (e.g. staffing, infrastructure, equipment, drugs etc)
– Demonstrates attention to issues of access, quality, and patient-centredness
– Shows adaptation/adjustment to local context and features of health system
Appropriateness of references consulted
Strength of evidence synthesisFull marksNo marksThis criterion is linked to a learning outcomeOral presentation: preparationg and presentationEvidence of organisational skills
Ability to speak competently to the slides, demonstrating knowledge, ownership, and enthusiasm for the projectFull marksNo marks

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