Compare and contrast independence movements in Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. What were the consequences and the differences between them ?

Compare and contrast independence movements in Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. What were the consequences and the differences between them ? Research Paper Guidelines – Latin American Cultures As part of your final assessment for this course, you are required to submit a research paper that explores a major theme, historical moment, or country-specific issue from our class. This paper is due on Sunday, August 03, 2025. Paper Requirements: • Length: 3–5 pages (double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12 pt. font) • Format: APA Style (in-text citations and reference page required) • Sources: Minimum of 3 academic sources (not including your textbook or lecture slides) • Submission: Email your final draft as a PDF or Word document to your instructor Approved Topics: Choose one of the weekly topics from the course schedule as the foundation of your research. Below are your topic options: 1. Why Latin America? Explore Latin America’s dual identity, its geopolitical importance, or the region’s relationship with the United States. 2. Colonial Foundations Analyze the impact of European conquest and colonization on Indigenous cultures and societal structures. 3. Mexico: The Taming of a Revolution Investigate the causes and outcomes of the Mexican Revolution and its legacy today. 4. Central America within the U.S. Orbit Examine U.S. influence on Central American politics, economics, or migration. 5. Cuba: From Key Colony to Socialist State Research Cuba’s journey from Spanish colony to socialist republic, focusing on the Cuban Revolution or U.S.–Cuba relations.6. The Andes: Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador Focus on the intersection of indigenous identity, military influence, and political instability. 7. Colombia: Civility and Violence Study the causes and consequences of Colombia’s internal conflict or drug wars. 8. Venezuela: The Perils of Prosperity Analyze the country’s economic crises, oil dependency, and political decline. 9. Argentina: Progress, Stalemate, and Discord Trace Argentina’s 20th-century cycles of reform, dictatorship, and economic change. 10. Chile: Repression and Democracy Explore the Pinochet era, human rights abuses, and the nation’s return to democracy. 11. Brazil: The Awakening Giant Consider Brazil’s regional role, environmental challenges, or cultural identity. 12. Culture and Society in Latin America Discuss how national identity, race, class, or gender have shaped Latin American societies. 13. Latin America in the 21st Century Reflect on globalization, political shifts, or recent protest movements in the region. Tips: • Narrow your topic to a specific question or theme to avoid being too broad. • Use peer-reviewed articles, academic books, or university press publications. • Avoid over-relying on Wikipedia or non-academic websites. If you are unsure about your topic, email me for feedback or approval before beginning your paper. I strongly encourage you to start early and take advantage of our course materials, library resources, and writing center if available.