Deglobalization: the economic, social, ethical, and political perspectives, present and future.

In recent years, we have seen significant shifts in global dynamics, particularly with the rise of de-globalization (https://www.brookings.edu/articles/is-the-global-economy-deglobalizing-and-if-so-why-and-what-is-next/) trends. This phenomenon is marked by travel restrictions, disruptions in global supply chains (https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/taking-the-pulse-of-shifting-supply-chains), and countries turning inward to protect their citizens. At the same time, digital globalization (https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/digital-globalization-the-new-era-of-global-flows) is surging, with remote work, online education, and e-commerce becoming increasingly prevalent. How have these trends in de-globalization (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deglobalization) affected global trade and international relations? In what ways has digital globalization counterbalanced these effects, and what long-term impacts do you foresee in both spheres? Consider how travel restrictions (https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/the-future-of-work-after-covid-19)have influenced tourism, international business, and cultural exchange. Reflect on the short-term and long-term effects of global supply chain disruptions on industries and economies and the adaptations countries and companies make. Evaluate how countries’ inward policies to protect citizens have affected global cooperation and geopolitical relations. Furthermore, assess how digital globalization, through remote work, online education, and e-commerce, has reshaped economic and social landscapes, considering the potential benefits and drawbacks. Insights from the McKinsey Global Institute (https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/overview) will be helpful in this context.